Atlantic- versus Pacific-derived waters sampled during the different expeditions. (A–B) Maps of the expeditions and (C) temperature–salinity diagram (conservative temperature, °C; absolute salinity, g kg^–1) showing the “Arctic N-P relationship” (ANP) at 20-m depth. ANP values close to 0 (1) suggest a water mass signature from the Atlantic (Pacific). Isopycnals σθ are in gray lines. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.430.f5