Three types of testing phases in the experiments with the stimuli that correspond to each condition. In the initial learning phase, a contingency was introduced. During the unlearning phase, the contingency was removed. During the counterconditioning phase, a different contingency for the same words was introduced. For overtrained words, the original learning phase comprised many blocks spread over either two days (Experiments 1 and 3) or one long session (Experiment 2). For other words, the original learning phase comprised only five small sub-blocks.