Representation of the algal bloom dynamics. The top panels illustrate for 2015 (left) and 2016 (right) the snow and sea ice evolution with vertically integrated ice algal (0–3 cm, blue background) and phytoplankton (surface to deepest measurement, white background) biomass in a green palette. Light blue areas correspond to periods with no data on sea ice. The bottom panels show the temporal evolution in the water column: the 32.2 isohaline, a proxy for freshwater, is a dashed black line; the equivalent mixed layer depth hBD is in red; the euphotic depth Z0.415 is represented by the isolume 0.415 mol photons m–2 d–1 in blue; the nitrate concentration of 1 µmol L–1 isoline (nitracline) is in magenta; the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) and corresponding [TChlaw] (mg m–3) are in green. The mixing layer inferred from the SCAMP sampling during a 13-h period (vertical red dashed line) is represented by the yellow arrow. Vertical dotted lines chronologically represent snow melt initiation, melt pond initiation and sea ice breakup. Dates are month/day. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.372.f10