Space- and time-averaged CO₂ emissions vs. spatial and temporal correlation length scales (l_s and l_τ). Afternoon domain-averaged CO₂ emissions (with shaded posterior uncertainty) are shown at (a) increasing spatial length scales and (b) increasing temporal length scales. Results from baseline configuration are marked by vertical lines. At small length scales for both parameters, posterior emissions underestimate the “truth”, while larger length scales show overestimation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.375.f8