Map showing the extent of the main bioclimatic regions of Chile. To the right, topographic cross-sections along different West-East transects (dark dashed lines) labeled from A to D on the map. The main geomorphological units are provided in these profiles. Yellow points denote main cities and white numbers indicate hydrological units: 1- Camarones river, 2- Loa, 3- Copiapo, 4- Huasco, 5- Elqui, 6- LimarĂ, 7- Choapa, 8-Aconcagua, 9- Maipo, 10- Cachapoal, 11- Maule, 12- Itata, 13- Bio-Bio, 14- Imperial, 15- Valdivia, 16- Bueno, 17- Llanquihue Lake. Endorheic basins from northern Chile region are abbreviated as PdT: Pampa del Tamarugal, SdA: Salar de Atacama, SdPN: Salar de Punta Negra. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.353.f1