The main basins and connecting gateways between the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas. The major pathways of poleward ocean heat transport are indicated by the red arrows, the sections used to calculate transports are shown by the black lines, and bathymetry is indicated by the colour scale; DS: Denmark Strait; IFR; Iceland–Faroe Ridge; FSC: Faroe–Shetland/Scotland Channel. Also indicated are the Faroe Islands (FI) and Scotland (SC). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.354.f1