Annual (upper panels a–d), winter (middle panels e–h) and summer (lower panels i–l) differences between the CARB and PHYS sensitivity experiments (CARB-PHYS), after 500 years of run, in the sea-surface DIC (mmol m^–3), TA (mmol m^–3), pCO₂ (µatm) and CO₂ fluxes (FCO₂, g C m^–2 yr–¹) in the Arctic Ocean (see Table 1 for characteristics of the experiments). FCO₂ is expressed in g C m^–2 yr⁻¹ for ease of comparison to other values provided elsewhere. The textured areas indicate the model grid. For ease of comparison between figures, the color scales used for the CARB-PHYS differences depicted here are the same as for the CARB-PHYS differences depicted in Figure 8 for the Southern Ocean.