Water columm Chl a concentration when ice algae are present, absent, and the difference. Simulated phytoplankton bloom in the upper 50 m of the water column when ice algae are present (a), absent (b), and the difference (c). Phytoplankton are sum of large and small (P1 and P2) groups. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.229.f7