Ice topography at cluster 2 on 18 March 2014. IceBridge flight a) DMS-annotated to mark the ice-camp tents, central instrument cluster (red), skiway (dotted blue), and markers for the drill-hole survey line (orange), and b) ice elevation with the standard deviation of all ice elevations (sigma) and maximum feature height (h_f) indicated. Black contours denote the edges of individual ice features (see Petty et al., 2016). Average ice surface roughness in 0.2 km sections along the seven repeat IceBridge flight-paths in c) for a 3 × 3 km box and in d) for a 30 × 30 km box centered at C2 (magenta x). e) Profiles from drill-hole and AEM surveys. Drill-hole data (50-m point spacing) distinguish between snow depth (magenta), ice freeboard (light blue) and ice draft (dark blue). The AEM ice thickness data (observations at 6-m spacing) has been multiplied by 0.81 (the ratio of drill-hold draft to drill-hole thickness) to represent ice draft (black). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.241.f5