Larval survival at pre-settlement for all cohorts. Percent survival pre-settlement for A) Cohort 1; B) Cohort 2; C) Cohort 3; and D) Cohort 4. Pre-settlement occurred at different days post-fertilization for the different cohorts: day 22 post-fertilization for Cohort 1, Day 17 post-fertilization for Cohort 2, and day 16 post-fertilization for both Cohorts 3 and 4. Error bars indicate standard error. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.306.f4