CMIP5 and CESM-LENS ensemble mean mixed layer depths (MLDs) during 1976–2005 and 2070–2099. The CMIP5 values are presented on the left and the CESM-LENS values on the right. Shown are the time averaged March MLDs (m) during 1976–2005 (a, b) and 2070–2099 (c, d). The difference in March MLDs between the future (2070–2099) and historical (1976–2005) periods are shown in (e and f). A similar set of maps but for September are presented in panels (g–l). Changes in the MLD are cross-hatched where >80% of the models indicate a significant change based on a t-test at the 95% significance level. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.191.f15