The mean seasonal cycle of SST (°C) for LMEs around North America. Hadley observations for the historical period (1976–2005) are in green, the CMIP5 ensemble mean during the historical period are in black, and the ensemble mean CMIP5 RCP8.5 experiments in the future period (2070–2099) are in red. Note the annual mean SST in each period has been subtracted. The percent change between the historical and future periods is shown in blue. The seasonal cycle is amplified in the future period. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.191.f5