Simulated PDP estimates of controlled (solid curves) and automatic processing (dashed curves) as response bias is varied from conservative to liberal criterion locations (shown right to left on the x-axis), assuming non-gun trials are drawn from a N(0,1) distribution and gun trials are sampled from a N(d′,1) distribution. The red vertical lines indicate the neutral criterion location (where SDT’s c parameter is 0) for three different levels of d′, with heavier lines reflecting larger d′.