Climate Change impacts (as outlined in the text) are expected to include warmer summers, warmer winters, and a longer growing season. Natural system disturbances include permafrost thaw, fire, and vegetation changes while human caused disturbances include fire, clearing, impact cratering, vehicle/boat traffic, soil erosion, or the removal of the surface organic layer. References are as follows: a) Euskirchen et al. (2010) and Zhuang et al. (2003); b and c) Bellisario et al. (1998) and Wickland et al. (2006); d) Turetsky et al. (2008); e) Algesten et al. (2004), Walter et al. (2006), and Walter et al. (2008).