Gas flux chambers deployed to measure air-sea ice CO2 exchange.
Configured for an intercalibration experiment between two types of chamber systems: 1) semi-automated CO2 chambers originally developed at Hokkaido University for soil CO2 flux measurements; and 2) long-term chambers (Li-8100) manufactured by LI-COR Biosciences, USA. Weddell Sea, July 2013. Photo: D. Nomura.