Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions and mole fraction measurements in South America. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.00050.t1
| Region . | Emission or Ambient Mole Fraction . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|
| Tropical South America | Isoprene (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment): Annual mean: 15.1 (range = 8.2–23.0) Tg C yr–1 Isoprene (Model of Gases and Aerosols from Nature): Annual mean: 23.7 (range = 15.7–38.8) Tg C yr–1 | Barkley et al. (2008) |
| Tropical South America | Isoprene: 144 Tg C yr–1 | Sindelarova et al. (2014) |
| Amazon | Isoprene: 2–10 ppb (dry season) and 1–6 ppb (wet season) Emission rate: up to 4 mg m–2 h–1 (wet season) and up to 11 mg m–2 h–1 (dry season) | Wei et al. (2018) |
| Argentina (Northeastern Eucalyptus forest) | Isoprene: Daytime maximum 7.9 mg m–2 h–1 | Richter et al. (2016) |
| Argentina (Patagonia) | Monoterpenes: 1.3 ± 0.15 to 3.9 ± 0.64 mg m–2 h–1 (summer) | Centritto et al. (2008) |
| Brazil (Central Amazon near Manaus) | Isoprene: Mean of 12.1 ± 4 mg m–2 h–1 (dry season) | Karl et al. (2007) |
| Brazil (Rondonia) | Isoprene: 2.2–6.7 ppb (wet season) 9.8 mg m–2 h–1 | Greenberg et al. (2004) |
| Brazil (Central Amazon) | Isoprene: mean of 1.37 ± 0.7 mg m–2 h–1 (dry season) | Alves et al. (2016) |
| Brazil (Central Amazon) | Monoterpenes: Mean of 0.96 ± 0.27 ppb (dry season) | Yanez-Serrano et al. (2018) |
| Brazil (Central Amazon—GoAmazon) | Total sesquiterpenes + diterpenes: Mean of 41.8 ng m–3 (wet season) and 38.8 ng m–3 (dry season) | Yee et al. (2018) |
| Brazil (Central Amazon—GoAmazon) | Isoprene: Mean of 0.82 ppb (wet season) and 2.37 ppb (dry season) | Shilling et al. (2018) |
| Brazil (São Paulo) | Isoprene: Mean of 0.08 ppb (summer) and 0.06 ppb (winter) | Alvim et al. (2018) |
| Brazil (Rio de Janeiro during 2014 soccer World Cup) | Isoprene: 0.14–0.84 ppb (winter) | Souza et al. (2016) |
| Colombia (urban area—Bogotá) | Isoprene: 0.2–4.1 ppb (summer) | Franco et al. (2015) |
| Ecuador | Modeled annual isoprene: 1.1 Tg C yr–1, 0.028–0.086 Tg C month–1 (dry season), 0.092–0.118 Tg C month–1 (wet season) Modeled annual monoterpenes: 3.8 Tg C yr–1, 0.030–0.034 Tg C month–1 (dry season), 0.028–0.033 Tg C month–1 (wet season) | Viteri et al. (2017) |
| Peru (Amazon) | Isoprene: 3.0–8.2 mg m–2 h–1 (dry season) | Helmig et al. (1998) |
| Region . | Emission or Ambient Mole Fraction . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|
| Tropical South America | Isoprene (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment): Annual mean: 15.1 (range = 8.2–23.0) Tg C yr–1 Isoprene (Model of Gases and Aerosols from Nature): Annual mean: 23.7 (range = 15.7–38.8) Tg C yr–1 | Barkley et al. (2008) |
| Tropical South America | Isoprene: 144 Tg C yr–1 | Sindelarova et al. (2014) |
| Amazon | Isoprene: 2–10 ppb (dry season) and 1–6 ppb (wet season) Emission rate: up to 4 mg m–2 h–1 (wet season) and up to 11 mg m–2 h–1 (dry season) | Wei et al. (2018) |
| Argentina (Northeastern Eucalyptus forest) | Isoprene: Daytime maximum 7.9 mg m–2 h–1 | Richter et al. (2016) |
| Argentina (Patagonia) | Monoterpenes: 1.3 ± 0.15 to 3.9 ± 0.64 mg m–2 h–1 (summer) | Centritto et al. (2008) |
| Brazil (Central Amazon near Manaus) | Isoprene: Mean of 12.1 ± 4 mg m–2 h–1 (dry season) | Karl et al. (2007) |
| Brazil (Rondonia) | Isoprene: 2.2–6.7 ppb (wet season) 9.8 mg m–2 h–1 | Greenberg et al. (2004) |
| Brazil (Central Amazon) | Isoprene: mean of 1.37 ± 0.7 mg m–2 h–1 (dry season) | Alves et al. (2016) |
| Brazil (Central Amazon) | Monoterpenes: Mean of 0.96 ± 0.27 ppb (dry season) | Yanez-Serrano et al. (2018) |
| Brazil (Central Amazon—GoAmazon) | Total sesquiterpenes + diterpenes: Mean of 41.8 ng m–3 (wet season) and 38.8 ng m–3 (dry season) | Yee et al. (2018) |
| Brazil (Central Amazon—GoAmazon) | Isoprene: Mean of 0.82 ppb (wet season) and 2.37 ppb (dry season) | Shilling et al. (2018) |
| Brazil (São Paulo) | Isoprene: Mean of 0.08 ppb (summer) and 0.06 ppb (winter) | Alvim et al. (2018) |
| Brazil (Rio de Janeiro during 2014 soccer World Cup) | Isoprene: 0.14–0.84 ppb (winter) | Souza et al. (2016) |
| Colombia (urban area—Bogotá) | Isoprene: 0.2–4.1 ppb (summer) | Franco et al. (2015) |
| Ecuador | Modeled annual isoprene: 1.1 Tg C yr–1, 0.028–0.086 Tg C month–1 (dry season), 0.092–0.118 Tg C month–1 (wet season) Modeled annual monoterpenes: 3.8 Tg C yr–1, 0.030–0.034 Tg C month–1 (dry season), 0.028–0.033 Tg C month–1 (wet season) | Viteri et al. (2017) |
| Peru (Amazon) | Isoprene: 3.0–8.2 mg m–2 h–1 (dry season) | Helmig et al. (1998) |
Note that the term “ppb” refers to the mole fraction nmol/mol.