Comparison of THg and MeHg concentrations in soils, sediments, and water among ASGM studies. BDL represents below detection limit. All values are reported to two significant figures when possible. Years shown represent the year the data were published, with most data collected 1–2 years prior to publication. Summary values for each continent are provided as the first continental listing, and an overall summary is provided at the bottom of the table. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.274.t1
| . | . | SOIL . | SEDIMENT . | RIVER WATER . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | ||||||||
| Year . | Country . | THg Concentration (µg/g) . | MeHg Concentration (ng/g) . | THg Concentration (µg/g) . | MeHg Concentration (ng/g) . | THg Concentration (ng/L) . | MeHg Concentration (ng/L) . | Citation . |
| AFRICA | range: BDL-130 | range: BDL-160 | range: BDL-100 | range: BDL-75 | range: BDL-11,000 | range: BDL-68 | ||
| 2000 | Tanzania | range: 0.17–5.4 | Van Straaten | |||||
| 2000 | Zimbabwe | range: 0.1–0.7 | range: 20–650 | Van Straaten | ||||
| 2005 | Tanzania | range: 0.005–8.9 | range: 0.04–2.8 | range: 10–70 | Taylor et al | |||
| 2006 | Ghana | range: BDL-5.5 | range: BDL-160 | range: 0.002–2.9, ave: 0.14 | range: BDL-75, ave: 11 | range: BDL-460, ave: 160 | range: BDL-20, ave: 1.4 | Donkor et al |
| 2008 | Tanzania | range: 0.03–2.3 | Chibunda et al | |||||
| 2011 | Ghana | range: 0.13–4.9 | range: 110–1300 | Nartey at al | ||||
| 2014 | Kenya | range: 0.02–1.1, ave: 0.14, med: 0.1 | range: 0.03–2.4, ave: 0.43, med: 0.23 | Oduomo et al | ||||
| 2014 | Senegal | range: 6–10 | Niane et al | |||||
| 2014 | South Africa | range: 0.010–100 | BDL-13 | Lusilao-Makiese et al | ||||
| 2015 | Ghana | range: BDL-2.6, ave: 0.1 | range: BDL-11,000, ave: 5300 | Adjei-Kyereme et al | ||||
| 2016 | Senegal | range: 0.050–130, med: 0.68 | range: 0.052–48, med: 0.78 | range: 0.059–3.4, med: 0.82 | range: 0.13–19, med: 4.3 | range: 2.5–2400, med: 22 | range: 0.0066–68, med: 0.037 | This study |
| ASIA | range: 0.3–76 | range: 0.1–16 | range: BDL-1200 | range: BDL-12 | range: BDL-2,900,000 | range: BDL-250 | ||
| 1999 | Philippines | max: 62 | max: 2,900,000 | Appleton et al | ||||
| 2000 | Philippines | range: 0.55–66 | range: 73,000–78,000 | Akagi et al | ||||
| 2005 | Indoneisa | range: 0.3–5 | range: 3–40 | range: 100–250 | Limbong et al | |||
| 2006 | China | range: 0.3–76, ave: 4.7 | range: 0.1–16, ave: 2.5 | range: BDL-1200, ave: 30 | range: BDL-12, ave: 2.0 | range: 240–880,000, ave: 5900 | range: BDL-250, ave: 7.9 | Feng et al |
| 2006 | Philippines | range: 13–55 | range: BDL-42,000 | Appleton et al | ||||
| 2010 | Indonesia | ave: 154, max: 480 | Bose-O’Reilly et al | |||||
| 2013 | Indonesia | range: 3–7.7 | Male et al | |||||
| 2015 | Pakistan | range: 5.1–25, ave: 10 | Biber et al | |||||
| SOUTH AMERICA | range: BDL-540 | range: 0.0001–230 | range; BDL-43 | range: BDL-240,000 | range: 0.007–3.8 | |||
| 2000 | Peru | BDL-44.2 | BDL | Loredo et al | ||||
| 2001 | Ecuador | ave: 3 | range: BDL-90 | Appleton et al | ||||
| 2002 | Suriname | range: 0.11–0.15 | range: BDL-0.83 | range: 10–930 | range: 0.02–3.8 | Gray | ||
| 2003 | Ecuador | range: 0.26–5.5, ave: 1.7 | range: 0.7–9.3, ave: 2.7 | Ramierz Requelme et al | ||||
| 2006 | Peru | range: 0.94–230 | range: 770–240,000 | Gammons et al | ||||
| 2008 | Venezuela | range: 240–4100, ave: 1600 | Garcia-Sanchez et al | |||||
| 2011 | Venezuela | range: 0.16–540, ave: 27 | Santos-Frances et al | |||||
| 2013 | Bolivia | range: 0.5–49 | Teran-Mita et al | |||||
| 2013 | Ecuador | range: 0.0001–0.034, med: 0.0021 | range: 0.02–0.9 | range:0.007–0.9 | Carling et al | |||
| 2015 | Colombia | range: 0.20–1.2, ave: 0.52 | range: 4.1–43, ave: 15 | Pinedo-Hernadez | ||||
| 2015 | Peru | range: 17–38 | range: BDL-0.40 | Diringer et al | ||||
| OVERALL | range: BDL-540 | range: BDL-160 | range: BDL-1200 | range: BDL-75 | range: BDL-2,900,000 | range: BDL-250 | ||
| . | . | SOIL . | SEDIMENT . | RIVER WATER . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | ||||||||
| Year . | Country . | THg Concentration (µg/g) . | MeHg Concentration (ng/g) . | THg Concentration (µg/g) . | MeHg Concentration (ng/g) . | THg Concentration (ng/L) . | MeHg Concentration (ng/L) . | Citation . |
| AFRICA | range: BDL-130 | range: BDL-160 | range: BDL-100 | range: BDL-75 | range: BDL-11,000 | range: BDL-68 | ||
| 2000 | Tanzania | range: 0.17–5.4 | Van Straaten | |||||
| 2000 | Zimbabwe | range: 0.1–0.7 | range: 20–650 | Van Straaten | ||||
| 2005 | Tanzania | range: 0.005–8.9 | range: 0.04–2.8 | range: 10–70 | Taylor et al | |||
| 2006 | Ghana | range: BDL-5.5 | range: BDL-160 | range: 0.002–2.9, ave: 0.14 | range: BDL-75, ave: 11 | range: BDL-460, ave: 160 | range: BDL-20, ave: 1.4 | Donkor et al |
| 2008 | Tanzania | range: 0.03–2.3 | Chibunda et al | |||||
| 2011 | Ghana | range: 0.13–4.9 | range: 110–1300 | Nartey at al | ||||
| 2014 | Kenya | range: 0.02–1.1, ave: 0.14, med: 0.1 | range: 0.03–2.4, ave: 0.43, med: 0.23 | Oduomo et al | ||||
| 2014 | Senegal | range: 6–10 | Niane et al | |||||
| 2014 | South Africa | range: 0.010–100 | BDL-13 | Lusilao-Makiese et al | ||||
| 2015 | Ghana | range: BDL-2.6, ave: 0.1 | range: BDL-11,000, ave: 5300 | Adjei-Kyereme et al | ||||
| 2016 | Senegal | range: 0.050–130, med: 0.68 | range: 0.052–48, med: 0.78 | range: 0.059–3.4, med: 0.82 | range: 0.13–19, med: 4.3 | range: 2.5–2400, med: 22 | range: 0.0066–68, med: 0.037 | This study |
| ASIA | range: 0.3–76 | range: 0.1–16 | range: BDL-1200 | range: BDL-12 | range: BDL-2,900,000 | range: BDL-250 | ||
| 1999 | Philippines | max: 62 | max: 2,900,000 | Appleton et al | ||||
| 2000 | Philippines | range: 0.55–66 | range: 73,000–78,000 | Akagi et al | ||||
| 2005 | Indoneisa | range: 0.3–5 | range: 3–40 | range: 100–250 | Limbong et al | |||
| 2006 | China | range: 0.3–76, ave: 4.7 | range: 0.1–16, ave: 2.5 | range: BDL-1200, ave: 30 | range: BDL-12, ave: 2.0 | range: 240–880,000, ave: 5900 | range: BDL-250, ave: 7.9 | Feng et al |
| 2006 | Philippines | range: 13–55 | range: BDL-42,000 | Appleton et al | ||||
| 2010 | Indonesia | ave: 154, max: 480 | Bose-O’Reilly et al | |||||
| 2013 | Indonesia | range: 3–7.7 | Male et al | |||||
| 2015 | Pakistan | range: 5.1–25, ave: 10 | Biber et al | |||||
| SOUTH AMERICA | range: BDL-540 | range: 0.0001–230 | range; BDL-43 | range: BDL-240,000 | range: 0.007–3.8 | |||
| 2000 | Peru | BDL-44.2 | BDL | Loredo et al | ||||
| 2001 | Ecuador | ave: 3 | range: BDL-90 | Appleton et al | ||||
| 2002 | Suriname | range: 0.11–0.15 | range: BDL-0.83 | range: 10–930 | range: 0.02–3.8 | Gray | ||
| 2003 | Ecuador | range: 0.26–5.5, ave: 1.7 | range: 0.7–9.3, ave: 2.7 | Ramierz Requelme et al | ||||
| 2006 | Peru | range: 0.94–230 | range: 770–240,000 | Gammons et al | ||||
| 2008 | Venezuela | range: 240–4100, ave: 1600 | Garcia-Sanchez et al | |||||
| 2011 | Venezuela | range: 0.16–540, ave: 27 | Santos-Frances et al | |||||
| 2013 | Bolivia | range: 0.5–49 | Teran-Mita et al | |||||
| 2013 | Ecuador | range: 0.0001–0.034, med: 0.0021 | range: 0.02–0.9 | range:0.007–0.9 | Carling et al | |||
| 2015 | Colombia | range: 0.20–1.2, ave: 0.52 | range: 4.1–43, ave: 15 | Pinedo-Hernadez | ||||
| 2015 | Peru | range: 17–38 | range: BDL-0.40 | Diringer et al | ||||
| OVERALL | range: BDL-540 | range: BDL-160 | range: BDL-1200 | range: BDL-75 | range: BDL-2,900,000 | range: BDL-250 | ||