San Diego's Urban Trophy: Horton Plaza Redevelopment Project

San Diego's Horton Plaza redevelopment project represents a paradigm shift in urban planning ideology from an ideal of an inclusive, democratic social node based on retention of familiar landmarks to a focus on money-making, social exclusion, and scripted space privileging privatesector enterprises partnered with a revenue-hungry city government. The Horton Plaza mall, opened in 1985, illustrates some of the social consequences of this shift and identifies elements of the commercial center's controlled, themed environment.