Hollywood studio film production through the 1960s involved visual research into depictions of the past in order to help show the audience representations they could recognize and believe. This was part of a much larger and more complex republic of images through which pictures of the world, its people, and its material culture circulated within a system of modern media, including illustrated books, the pictorial press, and other image-based materials of which movies were a part. Hollywood cinema should be reconsidered an essential part of how twentieth-century audiences have perceived history, regardless of the accuracy of these depictions.

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