... of a white, male Confederate general in favor of a newly commissioned statue of Bethune, a black, female educator and civil rights leader as a way to rehabilitate and redefine the state’s image. Finally, the article shows how Bethune had hoped to be memorialized by her survivors, as evidenced in the form...

... of civil rights activists and their supporters. Specifically, it examines the means employed by whites to assert their dominance in social interactions; to discriminate in housing, employment, and commerce; and, in some cases, to defend their all-white (or nearly all-white) municipalities, the so-called...

...Jane Hong This article examines the Japanese American Citizens League’s (JACL) postwar campaign to secure U.S. citizenship eligibility for first-generation Japanese ( Issei ) as a civil rights effort that brought Japanese Americans into contention with African American and Afro-Caribbean community...

..., and racial crisis. Key words: African American businesses, McDonald s, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), National Black McDonald s Operators Association (NBMOA), Los Angeles, civil rights, black capitalism In the fall of 1984, the Los Angeles chapter of the National...

... contributes to the scholarship on African American activism during “the long civil rights movement” and the role of the idea of respectability in that activism. This essay first argues that protests against this film had political as well as cultural significance. African Americans’ political activism...

... civil rights Dance Moves: An African American Ballet Company in Postwar Los Angeles KENNETH H. MARCUS The author teaches history at the University of La Verne. This article argues that a group of young African Americans in the 1940s and 1950s used ballet as a means of crossing racial and class...

...Max Felker-Kantor This article explores African American and Mexican American struggles for equal employment in Los Angeles after 1965. It argues that activists and workers used the mechanisms set up by Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act to attack the barriers that restricted blacks and Mexican...

... American civil rights World War II veterans GI Forum Veterans Administration Fighting the Peace at Home: Mexican American Veterans and the 1944 GI Bill of Rights STEVEN ROSALES The author teaches in the history department at Grand Valley State University. The Serviceman s Readjustment Act of 1944...