... westward expansion education history Native American history anti-Catholicism anti-polygamy Chinese Exclusion In the fall of 1880, Rutherford B. Hayes became the first sitting U.S. president to tour the U.S. West. Most historians note this tour as an interesting but trivial aspect of a mediocre...

...Beth Lew-Williams The Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) marked a turning point in the history of U.S. immigration control, but it was not as definitive a move toward gatekeeping as historians have suggested. Contemporaries called the 1882 law the “Chinese Restriction Act,” reserving the term “exclusion...

... was in flagrant disregard for the policy of Chinese exclusion as well as the principle of “benevolent assimilation,” according to which the Americans claimed to be “uplifting” the Filipino people by providing them with the opportunity to experience the dignity of labor. In opting for Chinese rather than Filipino...