The introduction to this special issue on religious leadership in new religions discusses questions arising from existing published theoretical and empirical research into religious leadership. Theoretical contributions are made in articles by five authors, James T. Richardson, David G. Bromley, Liselotte Frisk, Susan J. Palmer, and Milda Ališauskienė. The articles by Frisk, Palmer, and Ališauskienė discuss original empirical data disclosing features of women’s religious leadership in new religions and the influence of social context and power relations to it. This special issue of Nova Religio on “Religious Leadership in New Religions: Theoretical and Empirical Trajectories” is dedicated to our colleague, Swedish scholar of new religions, Liselotte Frisk (11 March 1959–29 October 2020).

Theorizing about leadership in new religious movements has often assumed that leaders have a powerful form of charisma with magical powers allowing leaders to exercise total control over the group and its members. This “myth of the omnipotent leader” is complemented by the “myth of the passive and brainwashed follower,” which assumes that those who participate have their agency overcome by the leader’s charisma and are under some sort of spell cast by the leader. Both myths mislead and belie societal conditions that lead to the formation of new religions as well as the inherent agency of those who participate. Examples from research on newer religious groups are presented to demonstrate the naiveté of assuming that the intertwined myths promoted in the media offer a full and adequate explanation of group formation and decisions by individuals to participate.