This piece was written as a keynote to a conference, Music and Identity , held in Bergen, Norway, in September 2007 to commemorate the centennial of Edvard Grieg's death. Its author, Susan McClary, both reflects on issues of identity politics then and now——including the ways in which ethnicity and gender have operated in her own career——and explores how Grieg himself theorized his fusions between the German school of composition and Norwegian folk music. It concludes with an analysis of Grieg's ““Røøtnams-Knut,”” from his late collection Slååtter .