Figure 1. Phases of the current experiment. Note. Stimuli not to scale. More about this image found in Phases of the current experiment. Note. Stimuli not to scale.

Figure 2. Mean response times in the learning phase for congruent and incongruent trials by item type with standard error bars. More about this image found in Mean response times in the learning phase for congruent and incongruent tri...

Figure 3. Mean accuracy (in %) at pre-test and post-test as a function of item type with standard error bars. Note . The dashed line represents the objective chance guessing threshold (i.e., 14.29%). More about this image found in Mean accuracy (in %) at pre-test and post-test as a function of item type w...

Figure 4. Mean response times (in ms) at pre-test and post-test as a function of item type with standard error bars. More about this image found in Mean response times (in ms) at pre-test and post-test as a function of item...

Figure 1. Example pre-processing analysis of a melody from the Essen dataset. A) The first four phrases of a German children’s song from the Essen dataset ( Adam Ging und Wollte Sich Erquicken ) written in the Humdrum notation. Curly brackets indicate the beginning and end of phrases. B) The same ... More about this image found in Example pre-processing analysis of a melody from the Essen dataset. A) The ...

Figure 2. Experiment 1. Clusters’ means for the phrases of the Essen dataset. A) Average shape of the four main musical contours plotted over time. The y-axis represents the pitch height normalized to the scale of 0 to 1, then further transformed to a semitone scale where 0 represents the mean pit... More about this image found in Experiment 1. Clusters’ means for the phrases of the Essen dataset. A) Aver...

Figure 3. Experiment 1. Fitted models to the pitch difference distribution. Comparison between linear (red) and quadratic (dashed yellow) models fit to the pitch difference distribution (bars). More about this image found in Experiment 1. Fitted models to the pitch difference distribution. Compariso...

Figure 4. Experiment 2. Clusters’ means for the complete melodies of the Essen dataset. A) Average shape of the four main musical contours plotted over time. B) Percentage of melodies in the dataset corresponding to each musical contour. Convex (dark blue), Descending (pink), Delayed Convex (green... More about this image found in Experiment 2. Clusters’ means for the complete melodies of the Essen datase...

Figure 5. Experiment 2. Fitted models to the pitch difference distribution. Comparison between linear (red) and quadratic (dashed yellow) models fit to the pitch difference distribution (bars). More about this image found in Experiment 2. Fitted models to the pitch difference distribution. Compariso...

Figure 6. Experiment 3. Clusters’ means for curated phrases dataset. A) Average shape of the four main musical contours plotted over time. B) Percentage of phrases in the dataset corresponding to each musical contour. Convex (dark blue), Descending (pink), Concave (light blue), Ascending (orange).... More about this image found in Experiment 3. Clusters’ means for curated phrases dataset. A) Average shape...

Figure 7. Experiment 3. Fitted models to the pitch difference distribution. Comparison between linear (red) and quadratic (dashed yellow) models fit to the pitch difference distribution (bars). More about this image found in Experiment 3. Fitted models to the pitch difference distribution. Compariso...

Figure 8. Experiment 4. Clusters’ means for the phrases of the Chinese folk songs dataset. A) Average shape of the four main musical contours plotted over time. B) Percentage of phrases in the dataset corresponding to each musical contour. Convex (dark blue), Descending (pink), Concave (light blue... More about this image found in Experiment 4. Clusters’ means for the phrases of the Chinese folk songs dat...

Figure 9. Experiment 4. Fitted models to the pitch difference distribution. Comparison between linear (red) and quadratic (dashed yellow) models fit to the pitch difference distribution (bars). More about this image found in Experiment 4. Fitted models to the pitch difference distribution. Compariso...

Figure 10. Examples of phrases that exhibit common micro-contour tendencies. Top: Jingle Bells, Bottom: God save the Queen. More about this image found in Examples of phrases that exhibit common micro-contour tendencies. Top: Jing...

Figure 1. A sample of the musical sequence sets used in the experiment. Chords marked by the same color were in the same key. In the LCON-GCON, all chords were in G major. In the LCON-GIN, the first phrase was moved down a perfect fourth to D major, and the second phrase was in G major. In the LIN... More about this image found in A sample of the musical sequence sets used in the experiment. Chords marked...