Figure 1: Screenshot by author of Kizuna Ai’s debut YouTube video on December 1, 2016. AIChannel. “[Self Introduction] Nice to meet you! I am Kizuna Ai ლ(´ڡ`ლ)” [【自己紹介】はじめまして！キズナアイですლ(´ڡ`ლ)]. December 1, 2016. Accessed September 20, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NasyGUeNMTs . More about this image found in Screenshot by author of Kizuna Ai’s debut YouTube video on December 1, 2016...

Figure 2: Screenshot by author from a VTuber live concert on YouTube. hololive English. “【Digest Movie】hololive 3rd fes. Link Your Wish English ver.,” April 14, 2022. Accessed September 20, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnhS—RGwvE . More about this image found in Screenshot by author from a VTuber live concert on YouTube. hololive Englis...

Figure 3: Screenshot by author of Shirogane Noel’s utawaku session on February 11, 2021. Shirogane Noel. “【歌枠】沢山歌いたい85万人耐久歌枠！【白銀ノエル/ホロライブ】”[【Utawaku】I Wanna Sing a Lot, 850 thousand Subscribers Long-lasting Utawaku【Shirogane Noel/Hololive】]. Streamed live on February 11, 2021. Accessed on Septem... More about this image found in Screenshot by author of Shirogane Noel’s utawaku session on February 11, ...

Figure 4: Word cloud generated by WordCloud Generator powered by MonkeyLearn ( https://monkeylearn.com/word-cloud/ ) from the comments in Shirogane Noel’s utawaku session on February 11, 2021. More about this image found in Word cloud generated by WordCloud Generator powered by MonkeyLearn ( https:...

Example 1: Transcription of original vocal lines in the chorus of “Kokoro Odoru.” More about this image found in Transcription of original vocal lines in the chorus of “Kokoro Odoru.”

Example 2: Transcription of the original rap in the verse of “Kokoro Odoru” [01:33–01:43]. Sony Music (Japan). “nobodyknows+ 「ココロオドル」” [nobodyknows+ “kokoroodoru”]. October 5, 2021. Accessed on September 20, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8pQuRe_2gBs . More about this image found in Transcription of the original rap in the verse of “Kokoro Odoru” [01:33–01:...

Example 3: Transcription of Shirogane’s interpretation of the verse of “Kokoro Odoru” [00:09:48–00:09:58]. More about this image found in Transcription of Shirogane’s interpretation of the verse of “Kokoro Odoru” ...

Example 4: Transcription of the main melody in the intro of “Triangler” [00:00–00:19]. Maaya Sakamoto. “Triangler.” November 26, 2019. Accessed September 20, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qSoc_WGMIA4 . More about this image found in Transcription of the main melody in the intro of “Triangler” [00:00–00:19]....

Example 5: Transcription of the main melody in the chorus of “Ren’ai Circulation” [01:06–01:13]. Hanazawa, Kana. “Ren’ai Circulation.” January 27, 2010. More about this image found in Transcription of the main melody in the chorus of “Ren’ai Circulation” [01:...

Figure 5: The count of “cuteness,” “encouragement,” “compliment,” and total comments in each song of Shirogane’s utawaku session on February 11, 2021. The time period for each song covers some casual talk after the song itself. However, most of the reactions happened during the song. Detailed nu... More about this image found in The count of “cuteness,” “encouragement,” “compliment,” and total comments ...

Figure 1. (a) Mario riding Yoshi, (b) Mario rescues Yoshi, and (c) Yoshi spitting fire in Super Mario World . Screenshots by the author. More about this image found in (a) Mario riding Yoshi, (b) Mario rescues Yoshi, and (c) Yoshi spitting fir...

Figure 2. (a) The dog in Duck Hunt ’s visualization of the sound and tactility of sniffing out his duck prey, (b) the duck shot and falling to the ground, and (c) the hound retrieving the duck body. Screenshots by the author. More about this image found in (a) The dog in Duck Hunt ’s visualization of the sound and tactility of sn...

Figure 3. A selection of regions from Shelter . (a) The forest, (b) in the darkness of night, (c) the flooding riverbank, and (d) the forest fire. Screenshots by the author. More about this image found in A selection of regions from Shelter . (a) The forest, (b) in the darkness ...