Spatial Negotiations in a Commercial City: The Red Sea Port of Mocha, Yemen, during the First Half of the Eighteenth Century

The city of Mocha in Yemen was one of the most important Red Sea ports of the early modern Arab world. In this essay, I examine the urban structures that governed the needs and practices of merchants in the city during the first half of the eighteenth century. Drawing on contemporary Arabic chronicles, archival European trade documents, historical photographs, and fieldwork in the city, I document the conspicuous absence of a network of public trade structures, like the urban khan, the expected locus of trade in an Arab city devoted to international commerce, and I provide evidence of the use of the merchant's house as the central location for trade activity, commercial negotiations, storage of merchandise, and lodging of foreign merchants. This case study presents a form of commercial interaction that questions a fixed private identity for the house in Mocha and draws on a maritime system of interaction to account for such a unique form of trade in an Arab city that served as an important Indian Ocean port.