Figure 1 Collectible print published in commemoration of Venice’s “Todi Year” (1791). Todi is shown standing behind the keyboard, music in hand, as putti descend from the heavens to crown her with a laurel wreath. Reproduced from author’s personal collection. More

Figure 2 Pietro Metastasio, La Didone abbandonata (Padua, 1791), 46, showing the inserted final aria text “Trionfa o ciel tiranno” from Alessandro nell’Indie . Used by permission of the Newberry Library, Chicago. More

Example 1 Giovanni Paisiello, Andromaca , act 1, scene 1, recitative “Ettore! Ah! dove sei?” (Andromaca), 19r–20r More

Example 1 Giovanni Paisiello, Andromaca , act 1, scene 1, recitative “Ettore! Ah! dove sei?” (Andromaca), 19r–20r More

Example 2 Giovanni Paisiello, Andromaca , act 1, scene 1, aria “Ancor mi risuona la voce dolente” (Andromaca), 28r–v More

Example 2 Giovanni Paisiello, Andromaca , act 1, scene 1, aria “Ancor mi risuona la voce dolente” (Andromaca), 28r–v More

Example 3 Giovanni Paisiello, Andromaca , act 1, scene 1, aria “Ancor mi risuona la voce dolente” (Andromaca), 28v–29r More

Example 4 Giovanni Paisiello, Andromaca , act 1, scene 1, aria “Ancor mi risuona la voce dolente” (Andromaca), 31v–33r More

Example 4 Giovanni Paisiello, Andromaca , act 1, scene 1, aria “Ancor mi risuona la voce dolente” (Andromaca), 31v–33r More

Example 4 Giovanni Paisiello, Andromaca , act 1, scene 1, aria “Ancor mi risuona la voce dolente” (Andromaca), 31v–33r More

Example 1 Beethoven, Missa solemnis , op. 123, Gloria, mm. 290–305 (reduced score) More

Example 1 Beethoven, Missa solemnis , op. 123, Gloria, mm. 290–305 (reduced score) More

Example 1 Beethoven, Missa solemnis , op. 123, Gloria, mm. 290–305 (reduced score) More

Example 1 Beethoven, Missa solemnis , op. 123, Gloria, mm. 290–305 (reduced score) More

Example 2 Beethoven, Missa solemnis , op. 123, Credo, mm. 29–33 (vocal parts only) More

Example 3 Beethoven, Missa solemnis , op. 123, Credo, mm. 257–64 (vocal parts only) More

Example 4 Beethoven, Missa solemnis , op. 123, Sanctus, mm. 169–71 (vocal parts only) More

Example 5 Beethoven, Missa solemnis , op. 123, Gloria, mm. 35–48 (reduced score) More

Example 5 Beethoven, Missa solemnis , op. 123, Gloria, mm. 35–48 (reduced score) More

Example 6 Beethoven, Missa solemnis , op. 123, Gloria, mm. 78–86 (reduced score) More