... the two. In the wake of World War I, nationalized chemical weapons research provided one blueprint for the kind of large-scale military-industrial-academic complex required to build the atomic bomb. The German chemical weapons laboratories at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical and Electrochemistry...

... debates modified the examination in 1942–43, but given the limitations imposed by the political and wartime contexts, and the need to accelerate chemical training for the purposes of industrial and military mobilization, the resulting chemical education could not produce students adequately trained...

...P. M. Luk'yanov Copyright 1964 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania [Footnotes] 1 P. M. Luk'yanov, History of the Russian Chemical Industry, 1961, Vol. V, p. 449. 2 J. Becher, Tripus Hermeticus Fastidious Pandens Or acula Chymica, Franco- furti ad Moemum, 1689. 3 CSAAR...

...; a Reply to P. Cams," Ibid., 30, 439-41 (1916). 1917 (11) "The First Report upon the Chemical Industries of the United States and Their Relation to National Preparedness," Ind. Eng. Chem., 9, 177-78 (1917). (12) "A Chemical Letter by Dr. Andrew Ure," Ibid., 9, 718-19 (1917). 1918 (13) "Baume or Beaume...

..., Sketch of the History of the Development of the Glass Industry in Russia, Moscow and Leningrad, 1939, p. 17. 18 Paterik Kievo-pecherskogo Monastyrya, St. Petersburg, 1911. 19 P.M. Luk'yanov, History of Chemical Trade and Chemical Industry of Russia, Moscow, 1955, Vol. IV, pp. 17–18. 20...

...: Triumph and Tragedy, resulting in what is perhaps the most accomplished drug biography to date. John Lesch s previous books, histories of experimental physiology in France in the nineteenth century and of the German chemical industry in the twentieth century, constitute a crucial background to his new...

... bridge. They were assisted financially by the Central British Fund for Ger man Jewry and Imperial Chemical Industries.37 2. REFUGEE SCIENTISTS, 1933-1935 At the time the brothers moved to Cambridge University, Ernst Ruther ford, the director of the Cavendish laboratory, was attacking deuterium.38...

... for industrial purposes. An outcome of the subsequent laboratory synthesis was the creation of animal fat without the animal, with the same affordances, as well as new ones generated by these facsimiles. The effect on chemistry and chemical industries became conspicuous as the body of the animal disappeared...

... of animals as the key methodology to understanding animal physiology and life, but also as a way to exploit animal matter in industry. Berzelius’s proposals were adopted, for instance, to compare the chemical composition of human bones with those of different animals. This gave new meanings...

... research in the subsequent decades in Japan. © 2018 by the Regents of the University of California 2018 microbiology penicillin antibiotics chemical industry technology domestication interdisciplinary research planning Japan VICTORIA LEE* Microbial Transformations: The Japanese...

.... Haber, The chemical industry during the nineteenth century. A study of the economic aspects of applied chemistry in Europe and North America (Oxford, 1958), 202–203 John Joseph Beer, The emergence of the German dye industry [Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences, vol. 44] (Urbana, IL, 1959), 105–108...

... (1996), 57–83 John Graham Smith, The origins and early develop- ment of the heavy chemical industry in France (Oxford, 1979), passim, but esp. chapter 2. 8 "Eloge de M. Hellot," in Histoire de l'Académie Roy ale des Sciences. Année 1766 (Paris, 1769), 167–179. L'art de la teinture des laines et...

... sought to identify all published sources of quantitative data relating to chemists, chemical education, chemical research, and chemical industry in the United States, 1876-1976, and to organize in statistical tables as much of this data as they found indicative of the progress of "chemistry as occupation...

... of International Trade and Industry; MOCVD, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition; MRIT, Matsushita Research Institute Tokyo, Inc.; NASA, National Aero- nautics and Space Administration; NTT, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corp.; RCA, Radio Corporation of America. | 243 Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences...

... studies at I.G. Farbenindustrie AG in the 1920s and 1930s," in A.S. Travis, et al., eds., Determinants in the evolution of the European chemical industry, 1900-1939 (Boston, 1998), 67-88, on 67-70. 3 A.J. Birch, "Steroid hormones and the Luftwaffe. A venture into fundamental strategic research...

... that the agricultural sciences, industry-oriented chemical research, and the physico-technical sciences were not only well funded, but also efficiently organized.6 These results are hardly surprising, since all of these disciplines were of crucial importance to the regime s war economy. Yet what happened...

... to England in 1845, when he became director of the new Royal College of Chemistry, by private initiative to fulfill the rising demand of British industry for well-trained chemists. Conversely, he brought the English entrepreneurial spirit to a rapidly growing German chemical industry when, in 1865, he left...

... an inside. The chemical atom provided the basis for an empirical and visualizable structural theory of molecules that produced practical outcomes in the research laboratory and that transformed chemical industry. Yet, as we see in Alan s example of Pierre Duhem, the atom was implicated in epistemological...

... The notion of materials combines natural science and the humanities; it combines physical and chemical properties with social needs, industrial or military interests. From this coupling of natural and human aspects embedded in the definition of materials follows a basic feature of materials science: Knowing...

... realized through the initiative of the CNR, 158 TURCHETTI Between 1922 and 1929 industrial production in Italy grew by about 75%, a rate that equaled France (78%) and far surpassed the U.S. (40 Britain (21.5 and Germany (24.5 Exports almost doubled (up by 73.63 led by automobiles and chemicals. However...