... under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (4.0) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. digital media middle east arab political economy Media and communications studies...

.... In media and communication studies, connectivity refers to relations enabled via digital media technologies (Van Dijck 2013) . Virtual expression of critical cosmopolitanism now takes place through technologically mediated networks that allow the exchange of symbols, ideas, and communication across...