Artificial Intelligence Policy Regimes: Comparing Politics and Policy to National Strategies for Artificial Intelligence

Research on artificial intelligence policy is still at an early stage. Artificial intelligence policy is an emerging domain of technology policy that is twofold: firstly, research and deployment of AI technology and, secondly, the design of regulatory instruments that focus on the impacts of technology on society, the economy, and politics. This article presents the concept of artificial intelligence policy regimes for analysis of design and technology dominance strategies. A typology of artificial intelligence policy regimes is formulated by relating political regimes to governance modes to understand ideas, actors, and institutions that establish AI policy dynamics. This framework is applied to an analysis of six national strategies for artificial intelligence: those of the United States, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, China, Singapore, and Russia.