... on the history of fines in Anglo-American law to outline the development of the dual purpose of criminal monetary sanctions: punishment and government revenue. This paper uses the statutory and other legally-determined characteristics of taxes and user charges to characterize and categorize how the courts...

... approach to monetary sanctions. Overall, the results are grim—not nearly enough has changed and some states are trending in the wrong direction. On the other hand, there has been widespread progress on some issues. There are reasons for optimism, and there are lessons in the data for activists who want...

... not include language making exceptions for low-income individuals, and do not exclude third parties. Suggestions for future research on bond conversion are discussed. Monetary bail bond legal financial obligations monetary sanctions procedural justice theory © 2022 Vera Institute of Justice. All...

...Katelyn J. B. King; Amber Petkus; Ebony L. Ruhland Every state relies on fines and fees to defray the costs of community supervision, and many rely on a combination of monetary sanctions and government aid to operate these programs. Texas is one such state that designs their system to provide...

... fees debt collateral consequences monetary sanctions life-course indigent defendants ability to pay Financial Sanctions in Pennsylvania: An Examination of Assessed Amounts and Repayment by Indigent Status JEFFREY T. WARD* Temple University NATHAN W. LINK Rutgers University Camden I...

... – vehicle registration and maintenance, no or expired license, plates, or insurance – as opposed to only 24.7% for behavioral violations such as speeding, reckless driving, and DUI. Those issued warrants for failure to pay monetary sanctions are disproportionately people who are Black and from the poorest...

... on incarceration while modifying punitive fiscal sanctions in a manner that meets the purposes of punishment and seeks to minimize the unintended harms of financial punishment. © 2022 Vera Institute of Justice. All rights reserved. 2022 Monetary sanctions LFO Scandinavia Nordic fines day fines...

...Ebony L. Ruhland; Katie Leigh; Amber Petkus Monetary sanctions exist in every part of the criminal legal system, including community corrections. Fines, fees, restitution, surcharges, and other court costs are included as monetary sanctions. Prior research has highlighted the types of monetary...

... state of research and policy regarding financial sanctions and seek to identify meaningful gaps in the current knowledge base as a foundation for future inquiry. © 2022 Vera Institute of Justice. All rights reserved. 2022 LFOs monetary sanctions research policy fines fees GUEST EDITORS...

...Andrea Giuffre; Beth M. Huebner Although there is a burgeoning body of research on the costs of a criminal conviction, very little scholarship explores the ways in which monetary sanctions are differentially assessed across offense types. Individuals convicted of sexual offenses are subject...