...Michelle S. Phelps Observers of the criminal legal system in the U.S. have increasingly looked beyond prisons to map the expansion and consequences of mass supervision, or the role of probation and parole in people’s lived experiences of correctional control. In this commentary, I reflect...

... to the medieval ordeal were poor, as are most people in modern probations systems who must prove that their urine is “clean.” © 2024 The Ohio State University. All rights reserved. 2024 probation community supervision conditions drug tests mass probation mass supervision supervised release...