...., food availability or phenology) and whether these populations are locally adapted to colder water conditions. These complexities will be difficult to disentangle without targeted experimentation (e.g., common garden experiments; Kuparinen et al., 2011 ). In addition to increasing temperatures...

...Dave Brickman; Nancy L. Shackell Phenology metrics quantify the timing of seasonal events; future climate projections of changes to these metrics can be used in long-term ecosystem-based approaches to ocean resource management. Here a set of phenology metrics for ocean waters is presented...

...L. Zoe Almeida; Benjamin J. Laurel; Hillary L. Thalmann; Jessica A. Miller Warming climates are creating unprecedented environmental conditions, such as more frequent and intense marine heatwaves (MHWs), that directly impact phenology and growth of fish and other marine organisms. Understanding...

... on fluorescence analyses to monitor and explain the phenology of ice-algal species. Clear patterns in species succession were identified. Young sea ice contained a mixture of algal species including dinoflagellates, cryptophytes and diatoms like Chaetoceros spp. and Fragillariopsis spp. In winter, severe...

... is a region of globally extreme positive trends in sea surface temperature (SST). Here, a 33-year (1982–2014) time series of daily satellite SST data was used to quantify and map spatial patterns in SST trends and phenology over this shelf. Strongest trends are over the Scotian Shelf (>0.6°C decade –1...

... over multiple seasons resulting in peak chlorophyll concentrations in summer. Spring bloom start day was found to be positively correlated with a spring phenology index and showed both positive and negative correlations to sea surface temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation in different regions...