... The air–sea exchange and oceanic cycling of greenhouse gases (GHG), including carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), methane (CH 4 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO 2 ), are fundamental in controlling the evolution of the Earth’s atmospheric chemistry and climate...

... the world. Routine in-situ airborne observations of chemical species not restricted to O 3 – e.g. carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) – rely on only a few programs conducting airborne measurements using in-service aircraft since the 1990s. Among...

.../ . Carbon Monoxide Isotopes Urban We analyze samples and two cylinders of clean ambient air that serve as standard gasses each day. One standard was filled at Niwot Ridge, Colorado by NOAA GMD, and the other at Baring Head, New Zealand, by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research...