Agricultural practices such as fertilization considerably influence soil greenhouse gas fluxes. However, the effects of fertilization on greenhouse gases fluxes remain unclear in tea soil when soil nitrogen is low. In the present study, soil CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes under various fertilization treatments in tea soil were investigated during a 50-day period. The experiment consisted of five treatments: no fertilizer (CK), single nitrogen (urea, N), single oilseed rape cake fertilizer (R), nitrogen + cake fertilizer (2:1, NR1), and nitrogen + cake fertilizer (1:2, NR2). The fertilization proportion of NR1 and NR2 was determined by the nitrogen content of nitrogen fertilizer and cake fertilizer. The results revealed that the single application of nitrogen had no significant effect on soil CO 2 flux. However, the addition of cake fertilizer significantly increased CO 2 emissions through enhanced soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Additionally, CO 2 emissions were directly proportional to the amount of carbon (C) in the fertilizer. All treatments were minor sinks for CH 4 except for the treatment NR1. Specifically, the cumulative CH 4 fluxes of NR1 and NR2 were significantly higher than rest of the three treatments, which implies that application of urea and oilseed rape cake reduced the capability of CH 4 oxidation in tea soil. Structural equation models indicated that soil CO 2 flux is significantly and positively correlated with soil dissolved organic carbon, MBC and soil pH, while mineral nitrogen content was the main factor affecting CH 4 flux. Overall, the application of oilseed rape cake increased the oxidation of CH 4 and promoted soil C sequestration but inevitably increased the soil CO 2 emissions.