... and ice melt, far from terrestrial freshwater inputs. Such under-ice meltwater layers, sometimes referred to as under-ice melt ponds, have been suggested to play a role in the summer sea ice mass balance both by isolating the sea ice from saltier water below, and by driving formation of ‘false bottoms...

... to the number of individuals recruiting to the adult population: These expectations define the freshwater winter refuge hypothesis. More than 42 rivers drain into Hudson Bay making it particularly well suited to test this hypothesis. Whereas the bulk of Arctic cod observed in Hudson Bay hatch between mid-April...

... days in the outer portion of the estuary (K Sydor, Manitoba Hydro, personal communication, 2019). Carbon cycle Remineralization Freshwater Arctic Permafrost Climate change Arctic rivers deliver a large amount of organic carbon to Arctic coastal waters each year. The Arctic Ocean...

...Jenny C. Fisher; Ryan J. Newton; Deborah K. Dila; Sandra L. McLellan; Donald R. Zak; Julian D. Olden Freshwater estuaries throughout the Great Lakes region receive stormwater runoff and riverine inputs from heavily urbanized population centers. While human and animal feces contained in this runoff...