.... Variations in the spatial and temporal sampling characteristics of key methodologies and instruments can lead to stark differences in key variables used to estimate melt at Totten Glacier. (A) Totten Glacier, East Antarctica. Background satellite imagery is the RAMP RADARSAT mosaic ( Jezek et al., 2013...

... to make significant improvements in our understanding of how ocean and ice biogeochemical processes are linked with the atmosphere. This is especially true over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean where observations are severely limited and the environment is far from anthropogenic influences...

... http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Iron Iron ligands Sea ice Exopolymers Antarctica The Southern Ocean is anaemic ( Martin et al., 1990 ), with dissolved iron (DFe) concentrations in surface waters rarely exceeding 0.2 nM ( Boyd and Ellwood, 2010 ). More than 99...

...Vernon L. Asper; Walker O. Smith, Jr.; Jody W. Deming; Kevin Arrigo The vertical distribution and temporal changes in aggregate abundance and sizes were measured in the Ross Sea, Antarctica between 2002 and 2005 to acquire a more complete understanding of the mechanisms and rates of carbon export...

... the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . nutrients sea ice Antarctica Antarctic sea ice is one of the largest and most dynamic ecosystems on Earth, with a maximum aerial extent of 19 × 10 6 km 2 in winter and a minimum of 3 × 10 6 km 2...

... under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Sea ice iron Antarctica fertilization Marine phytoplankton use light and nutrients including...

...), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were measured in pack ice from the Bellingshausen Sea (Antarctica) during the winter-spring transition of 2007. Two sites with contrasting snow and ice thicknesses were sampled, with high concentrations of DMS, DMSP, and DMSO observed at both sites, especially in surface ice. These high...

... samples at the time of glider deployments (see below) were considered the “correct values” and used to adjust fluorometric estimates of chlorophyll a . Given the relatively short deployment times (just under two weeks) we assume that bio-fouling was negligible. Phytoplankton gliders Antarctica...

... medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Sea ice Antarctica atmosphere-ocean-ice interactions The Amundsen Sea embayment ( Figure 1 ) is a current hot spot of rapidly thinning ice shelves, high calving fluxes, and rapidly retreating marine-grounded glaciers...

..., zooplankton abundance was low above the mixed layer depth, a result attributed to a thick layer of the unpalatable colonial haptophyte, Phaeocystis antarctica . Abundances of the ice krill, Euphausia crystallarophias , however, were highest near the edge of the ice sheet within the ASP and larvae:adult ratios...

... that the ASP alone contributes 5% of the Southern Ocean CO 2 flux. During the austral summer of 2010–2011, a multidisciplinary team of oceanographers embarked on the Amundsen Sea Polynya International Research Expedition (ASPIRE) to examine the controls and fate of the massive Phaeocystis antarctica...