... governance corruption social policy labor 251 Western journalists routinely fall into the trap of presenting Russia as a tightly controlled society with a hands-on leader dictating from the center. In reality, howev- er, the governance provided by the Russian state is incoherent, and Russian so- ciety...

... racial inequality middle class social mobility corruption African National Congress education employment business Jacob Zuma Cyril Ramaphosa 169 The precarity of daily existence for so many black middle-class South Africans is heightened by dependence on political connections. South...

...Sandra E. Greene In Mauritania, where slavery remained legal until 1981, women descended from slaves are taking charge of their lives and redefining their identities. Work, Social Status, and Gender in Post-Slavery Mauritania , by Katherine Ann Wiley Indiana University Press , 2018...

...Anirudh Krishna “For many … significant upward mobility remains a doubtful prospect, while substantial downward mobility is a real possibility.” Eighth in a series on social mobility around the world . © 2019 Current History. All rights reserved. 2019 The Regents of the University of California...

...Naomi Hossain Few big countries … have had their fortunes so profoundly shaped by a weak position in the global system. © 2019 Current History. All rights reserved. 2019 The Regents of the University of California Naomi Hossain Bangladesh social policy economic development...

...Tomasz Inglot “The region has seen a radical shift from widespread unemployment to labor shortages, a historic expansion in higher-education opportunities, and unprecedented mass migration to the West.” Seventh in a series on social mobility around the world . © 2019 Current History. All rights...

...Jacqueline Maria Hagan; Joshua T. Wassink “[L]abor-market reintegration is a complex and uneven process for return migrants.” Sixth in a series on social mobility around the world . © 2019 Current History. All rights reserved. 2019 The Regents of the University of California Jacqueline...

... of California Frank-Borge Wietzke social mobility middle class poverty inequality economic policy politics identity developing countries China India Brazil 16 Political conflicts can flare up when new, increasingly vocal lower-middle- income groups enter the political arena and when...

...Erol Balkan; Ahmet Öncü “The AKP's neoliberal regime created the ideology and conditions for transformative change in Turkey's new upper-middle-class culture, which trickled down to both the laic and Islamic middle-class factions.” Fourth in a series on social mobility around the world . © 2018...

... of the University of California Julia Lynch Jonathan Hopkin financial crisis Great Recession Western Europe capitalism democracy political parties free central banks austerity populism social democrats 315 [T]he financial crisis can be best understood as the final catastrophic stage...

... expectancy suicide opioid epidemic unemployment social spending welfare austerity homelessness poverty hunger United States Affordable Care Act Europe Britain National Health Service Greece 310 [S]hort-term policy changes can have long-term effects on the health and well- being...

...Douglas S. Massey; Jacob S. Rugh “In the course of the Great Recession, already fragile black and Hispanic middle-class households lost huge amounts of wealth, which had often been painstakingly accumulated over many decades.” Third in a series on social mobility around the world . © 2018 Current...

...Theodore P. Gerber “The fall of the Soviet Union sparked hopes that a Russian middle class would emerge and thrive, but so far it has not.” Second in a series on social mobility around the world . © 2018 Current History. All rights reserved. 2018 The Regents of the University of California...

...David S. G. Goodman [S]tudies have revealed a high level of intergenerational transfer of class and social status, privileged and otherwise. © 2018 Current History. All rights reserved. 2018 The Regents of the University of California David S. G. Goodman China Xi Jinping social...

...Daniel P. Aldrich Focusing solely on physical infrastructure runs the risk of overlooking another critical component of resilience: social infrastructure. © 2018 Current History. All rights reserved. 2018 The Regents of the University of California Daniel Aldrich climate change global...

... of the University of California Shahram Khosravi Iran social conditions family life working class poverty crime discrimination Iranian Revolution neoliberalism Ayatollah Khomeini Hashemi Rafsanjani 355 The sociopolitical transition can be observed best in the shift of the symbolic...

...Kimberly J. Morgan A new book lays blame for the weak social safety net on political rhetoric that justifies government aid as an individual right and not a public good–a tradition that dates back to the New Deal. The Transformation of American Liberalism , by George Klosko . Oxford...

...Kristina Stoeckl The Russian Orthodox Church has emerged as a powerful force for cultural, social, and political conservatism. © 2017 Current History. All rights reserved. 2017 The Regents of the University of California 271 The Russian Orthodox Church has emerged as a powerful force...

... outlets struggled to capitalize on the new media economy as search companies and social-media platforms came to dominate the shifting informa- tion landscape. Television news, especially local news, remains relatively popular, but it is gener- ally the printed press that pursues more detailed...

... since the return to democracy. The bonanza enabled the government to undertake a series of impressive projects, including an expansion of social policies that helped move 40 million citizens into the middle class and massive infrastructure projects in the shipbuilding and energy industries...