... Theodore Gerber Russia economic reform oligarchs middle class social mobility education cronyism corruption Soviet Union communism inequality 258 The fall of the Soviet Union sparked hopes that a Russian middle class would emerge and thrive, but so far it has not. Stalled Social...

... Chinese University Press , 2018 © 2018 Current History. All rights reserved. 2018 The Regents of the University of California Jessica C. Teets book review Red Swan Sebastian Heilmann Xi Jinping Mao Zedong Deng Xiaoping Chinese Communist Party communism governance reform...

... after Trump disappears from the interna- tional scene. GUTERRES TO THE RESCUE? Trying to reform the UN has been virtually a perpetual task since the ink dried on the signa- 14 CURRENT HISTORY January 2018 tures to the Charter in 1945. Efforts never cease to improve the UN s effectiveness; to make...

... Daniel Bell China political meritocracy United States liberal democracy elections voter testing voting Xi Jinping corruption reform experimental governance 315 By learning from aspects of imperfect meritocratic systems, including Chinese- style political meritocracy, democratic...

... Crabtree Bolivia Evo Morales indigenous rights national development land reform Ecuador Hugo Chávez climate change cocaine 55 The Morales administration sought to give indigenous peoples more rights and greater influence in government, effectively breaking down traditional patterns...

... Young Saudi Arabia Vision 2030 economic reform privatization Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman United Arab Emirates Gulf States Gulf Cooperation Council development oil 355 Saudi Arabia must place its citizens firmly in the center of its transformation, so...

...Edward Lahiff Since the end of apartheid, South African land reform has struggled—and so far failed—to overcome extreme inequalities and historical injustices … © 2016 Current History. All rights reserved. 2016 The Regents of the University of California Edward Lahiff South Africa...

... neglect, that got us into this mess. STYMIED REFORM By most accounts that mess was worse than the financial crisis that touched off the Great Depression. According to Ben Bernanke, who served as Fed chairman during the 2007 8 crisis, out of . . . 13 of the most important financial institutions...

... Maduro government Venezuela United Socialist Party (PSUV) Chavez Chávez petrostate oil charisma economic failure reform Dutch disease Caracazo ideology Perez Pérez Ramirez Merentes pacted democracy opposition Aveledo Democratic Unity Roundtable coalition inter-American...

...Frédéric Volpi Beyond idealistic notions of an 'Arab Spring' that would bring forth liberal democracies throughout the region, today there is a realization that many shades of gray remain in the (formal and informal) institutional orders after the uprisings. Frederic Volpi Revolution Reform...

... thiranagama sri lanka war slaughter militarization civilian normalization STF LTTE torture JVP Matle Tamil tigers violence brutality 1971 reform graves mass Lessons Learnt Reconciliation commission Jaffna navi Pillay UN urban development debt P erspective Sri Lanka s...

... Pamela Starr Pena Nieto Mexico reform Aztec tiger pacto Caldero PAN PRI Fox PRD incentives Mota president teacher union energy Federal Electoral Institute Obrador housing security 2013 51 President Enrique Peña Nieto s first year in office (he was inaugurated in Decem-ber...

... union regulation reform PSE poverty war PANES citizen income Tupameros 76 If the second term of the left in Uruguay lives up to its promise, complementing the first term s performance, the country will have developed a signature social democratic experience in the global South. Uruguay s...

... Dunne Arab Spring Middle East Libya Tunisia Yemen Egypt Syria economic inequality political reform PERSPECTIVE Spring is not the most pleasant season in the Arab countries. The first time I spent the month of May in the Middle East, I was stunned when the mild weather turned sti- flingly...

... protests elite political reform gay rights nationalism elections repression 251 Two years after Vladimir Putin revealed his plan to return for a third term as presi-dent, the Russian political environment has changed. From some angles, Putin seems more in control than ever. The mass street...

...Cheng Li; Ryan McElveen [W]ithout gradual but bold reform of the legal system, media openness, and a more accountable and representative political structure, the next phase of economic reform will not go far. © 2013 Current History. All rights reserved. 2013 The Regents of the University...

... FARC land reform elites governance indirect rule peace © 2013 Current History. All rights reserved. 2013 The Regents of the University of California 43 A decade ago Colombia was in a terrible mess. The country had the highest homicide rate in the world, and was the center...

... is not the result of the rich getting richer while the poor become poorer. China s Post-Socialist Inequality martin king whyte Since the death of Mao Zedong in 1976 and the launch of market reforms under Deng Xiaoping s leadership in 1978, China has un- dergone dramatic changes that have affected the lives...

...Aurelia George Mulgan The Trans-Pacific Partnership promises to open markets and encourage structural reforms, but powerful domestic interests oppose Japan's involvement. © 2012 Current History. All rights reserved. 2012 The Regents of the University of California Aurelia George Mulgan...

...Jacqueline M. Klopp [T]he country has bought a short amount of time in which to entrench the new constitution, wield it for reform, and battle ghosts of the past. © 2012 Current History. All rights reserved. 2012 The Regents of the University of California Jacqueline Klopp Kenya...