... Theodore Gerber Russia economic reform oligarchs middle class social mobility education cronyism corruption Soviet Union communism inequality 258 The fall of the Soviet Union sparked hopes that a Russian middle class would emerge and thrive, but so far it has not. Stalled Social...

... Chinese University Press , 2018 © 2018 Current History. All rights reserved. 2018 The Regents of the University of California Jessica C. Teets book review Red Swan Sebastian Heilmann Xi Jinping Mao Zedong Deng Xiaoping Chinese Communist Party communism governance reform...

... Nations General Assembly Security Council UN Charter Donald Trump Secretary General António Guterres sovereignty nationalism isolationism reform World War fascism Cold War 10 Sovereignty can be and has been interpreted more inclusively including during World War II to justify...

... Daniel Bell China political meritocracy United States liberal democracy elections voter testing voting Xi Jinping corruption reform experimental governance 315 By learning from aspects of imperfect meritocratic systems, including Chinese- style political meritocracy, democratic...

...John Crabtree The Morales administration sought to give indigenous peoples more rights and greater influence in government, effectively breaking down traditional patterns of exclusion. John Crabtree Bolivia Evo Morales indigenous rights national development land reform Ecuador Hugo...

... Young Saudi Arabia Vision 2030 economic reform privatization Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman United Arab Emirates Gulf States Gulf Cooperation Council development oil 355 Saudi Arabia must place its citizens firmly in the center of its transformation, so that...

...Edward Lahiff Since the end of apartheid, South African land reform has struggled—and so far failed—to overcome extreme inequalities and historical injustices … © 2016 Current History. All rights reserved. 2016 The Regents of the University of California Edward Lahiff South Africa...

... rights reserved. 2020 The Regents of the University of California Jonathan Kirshner global financial crisis economic reform banking regulations Federal Reserve Wall Street Great Recession Depression China Europe laissez-faire Ben Bernanke Alan Greenspan Glass-Steagall Dodd...

... inability to enact significant reform. Venezuela closed out 2014 with an inflation rate surpassing 60 percent, widespread scarcities of basic consumer goods, and a currency that had lost half its value on the black market in the span of a month, trading at roughly 25 times the official rate. The economy...

... Arab Spring that would bring forth liberal democracies throughout the region, today there is a realization that many shades of gray remain in the (formal and informal) institutional orders after the uprisings. Revolution, Reform, and Stasis in the Maghreb Frédéric Volpi The political situation in the...

... thiranagama sri lanka war slaughter militarization civilian normalization STF LTTE torture JVP Matle Tamil tigers violence brutality 1971 reform graves mass Lessons Learnt Reconciliation commission Jaffna navi Pillay UN urban development debt PERSPECTIVE In November 2012...

... Pamela Starr Pena Nieto Mexico reform Aztec tiger pacto Caldero PAN PRI Fox PRD incentives Mota president teacher union energy Federal Electoral Institute Obrador housing security 2013 51 President Enrique Peña Nieto s first year in office (he was inaugurated in Decem-ber...

... union regulation reform PSE poverty war PANES citizen income Tupameros 76 If the second term of the left in Uruguay lives up to its promise, complementing the first term s performance, the country will have developed a signature social democratic experience in the global South. Uruguay s...

... Dunne Arab Spring Middle East Libya Tunisia Yemen Egypt Syria economic inequality political reform PERSPECTIVE Spring is not the most pleasant season in the Arab countries. The first time I spent the month of May in the Middle East, I was stunned when the mild weather turned sti- flingly...

... protests elite political reform gay rights nationalism elections repression 251 Two years after Vladimir Putin revealed his plan to return for a third term as presi-dent, the Russian political environment has changed. From some angles, Putin seems more in control than ever. The mass street...

...Cheng Li; Ryan McElveen [W]ithout gradual but bold reform of the legal system, media openness, and a more accountable and representative political structure, the next phase of economic reform will not go far. © 2013 Current History. All rights reserved. 2013 The Regents of the University of...

... FARC land reform elites governance indirect rule peace © 2013 Current History. All rights reserved. 2013 The Regents of the University of California 43 A decade ago Colombia was in a terrible mess. The country had the highest homicide rate in the world, and was the center of the in...

...Aurelia George Mulgan The Trans-Pacific Partnership promises to open markets and encourage structural reforms, but powerful domestic interests oppose Japan's involvement. © 2012 Current History. All rights reserved. 2012 The Regents of the University of California Aurelia George Mulgan...

... Deng Xiaoping rural urban social mobility migration economic reform property education 229 The country s sharp increase in income inequality is not the result of the rich getting richer while the poor become poorer. China s Post-Socialist Inequality martin king whyte Since the death of...

...Jacqueline M. Klopp [T]he country has bought a short amount of time in which to entrench the new constitution, wield it for reform, and battle ghosts of the past. © 2012 Current History. All rights reserved. 2012 The Regents of the University of California Jacqueline Klopp Kenya...