... of cumulative and worsening social and political crises. Although the country seems trapped in decay, new grassroots forces are surfacing. Not yet fully visible, they may ultimately transform Haiti. The recent emergence of Bwa Kale—popular self-defense movements fighting back against the gangs...

...Chelsey L. Kivland Thousands of Haitian asylum seekers recently subjected to forced repatriation by the United States face a difficult time reintegrating in an unstable country which some of them hardly know. Adding to the difficulties are the prevalence of street gangs in Haiti and common...

... de Janeiro cities slums drug violence gangs pacification counterinsurgency Afghanistan 62 There are uncanny similarities between Rio de Janeiro s pacification strategy and ongoing counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan and elsewhere. Rio Tries Counterinsurgency robert muggah...