... in the company’s inability to develop sufficient supply capacity. In fact, Eskom and the government have historically been indispensable partners, operating in a relationship of conflict and compromise. © 2025 by The Regents of the University of California 2025 South Africa electricity energy...

...Marco Siddi An energy crisis has unfolded in the European Union since the autumn of 2021. The crisis has worsened due to Russia’s attack on Ukraine and climate change. The EU reacted by launching the REPowerEU agenda, which aims at cutting imports of Russian fossil fuels by diversifying trade...

... in Dubai or Abu Dhabi. © 2021 by The Regents of the University of California 2021 Middle East energy Gulf States authoritarianism Every day in the news from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), one can find evidence of the massive changes that are coming. The signs began gathering...

...Michael T. Klare By transforming patterns of travel and work around the world, the COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating the transition to renewable energy and the decline of fossil fuels. Lockdowns brought car commuting and plane travel to a near halt, and the mass experiment in which white-collar...

... culture as central to national identity, the Kremlin has failed to adapt to the global transition toward renewable energy. But external actors such as the European Union could encourage change from within to develop Russia’s untapped potential as a green power, given its vast endowments of renewable...

... Africa climate change adaptation renewable energy drought water resources floods agriculture population growth migration Paris Agreement Morocco Egypt Israel 348 The degree to which states are tolerant of local-level initiatives and mobilization will become only more important...

...Miranda A. Schreurs The Germans have been early adopters of green standards, and the state has set ambitious renewable-energy targets. But industrial lobbies can still thwart regulations, as the Volkswagen scandal revealed. © 2020 Current History. All rights reserved. 2020 The Regents...

... Mongolia independence alliances mineral resources sovereign narrow-gauge wide-gaude relations inner kyakhta suzerainty seaports ports twitter downturn oyu tolgoi Ivanhoe Canadian POSCO Kazakhstan Genie coal self-sufficient supply national renewable energy Ulaanbaatar...

... Pamela Starr Pena Nieto Mexico reform Aztec tiger pacto Caldero PAN PRI Fox PRD incentives Mota president teacher union energy Federal Electoral Institute Obrador housing security 2013 51 President Enrique Peña Nieto s first year in office (he was inaugurated in Decem-ber...

... of the University of California Jorge Lanzaro Uruguay left populist social democrat Mujica Vazquez labor institutionalization election authoritarianism economic growth gradualist batllismo energy telecommunications privatization Frente Amplio PA Broad Front Colorado party national...

... of the University of California Pavel Baev Russia Arctic trade territory energy militarization sovereignty cooperation Canada Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden continental shelf trade shipping 265 [P]olicies based on the delusional but popular perception of the Arctic shelf...

... of California Mickael Klare maritime conflict territorial claims China Japan Philippines Vietnam South China Sea East China Mediterranean energy resources oil gas 26 What makes these disputes so dangerous . . . is the apparent willingness of many claimants to employ military means...

... Mickael Klare maritime conflict territorial claims China Japan Philippines Vietnam South China Sea East China Mediterranean energy resources oil gas 33 The dual forces of population growth and climate change will exacerbate pres- sures on land use, water access, and food security...

...Rani D. Mullen Seeking global recognition, as well as access to resources and markets, one of the world's largest recipients of foreign assistance is boosting the aid that it distributes. Rani Mullen India foreign aid development soft power energy resources China Maldives Iran...

... security globalization multipolarity UN Security Council United States NATO International Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Conference Disarmament 329 For the near to medium term, the international community likely will confront the consequences of weaker global...

...David L. Goldwyn The energy dependency of the United States and its allies in Europe and Asia, combined with the growing dependence of rising powers such as China and India, is rapidly eroding American power and influence around the world. Energy Latin America Africa Energy insecurity...

...Michael T. Klare With the global flow of energy assuming ever-growing economic and strategic prominence, oil and gas pipelines in the world today have become the major focus of international geopolitical competition. © 2004 by the Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved...

... concern. © 2003 Current History. All rights reserved. 2003 The Regents of the University of California United States Europe environment global warming emissions greenhouse effect Kyoto Protocol Bill Clinton George Bush energy 113 Although the dispute about climate change...

... involved in the quiet struggle now unfolding in Northeast Asia over seabed petroleum resources, especially the conflict between China and Japan over the East China Sea. © 2002 Current History. All rights reserved. 2002 The Regents of the University of California With its energy needs steadily growing...

...Vaclav Smil Any realistic appraisal of global energy futures must begin with a comprehensive and balanced understanding of resources and their uses. What are the kinds and magnitudes of energy stores and flows available to supply the world's still-growing needs for fuels and electricity? And what...