...Bamba Ndiaye When President Macky Sall took an authoritarian turn, young people mobilized once again to preserve Senegalese democracy. Youth political engagement has been influential in Senegal since the 1960s through a series of popular movements. More recently, hip-hop and digital activism became...

... authoritarian. But her divisive rhetoric, Internet blackouts, and use of force failed to suppress youthful opponents wielding memes and graffiti to spread the spirit of revolt. Now that some student leaders are in the transitional government, they face the test of delivering on those viral calls for democracy...

... Myanmar’s conflict landscape. As the movement created a broad coalition comprising PDFs and four established ethnic resistance organizations that seeks to establish a federal democracy, it also fostered more informal cooperation with other ethnic resistance forces. This open cooperation strategy has...

...Omar G. Encarnación After the persecution of sexual minorities under the Franco dictatorship, Spain became one of the last Western countries to decriminalize homosexuality. Democracy led to declining influence for the Catholic Church in Spanish society, as did revelations about the Church’s...

...Humberto Beck In his six years as president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador claimed to be bringing genuine democracy to Mexico. Although his anti-poverty programs proved effective, his transformation of the political system diminished pluralism while building up the dominance of his Morena party...

... deepen democracy, produce a vibrant civil society, and improve national governance. This was an extraordinarily naïve assumption underpinning the so-called Washington Consensus, and Paraguay provides a classic example. After the fall of the dictatorship in 1989, many people underestimated...

... of the University of California 2024 Ukraine history Cossacks nationalism democracy violence trauma A particular reading of history has been at the center of the Russian justification for the war in Ukraine. In the summer of 2021, an essay titled “On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians...

... democracy a quarter-century after the end of the New Order era. Hence the folkish humor of Mahfud on social media, where he sarcastically reminded the public of the natural wonders of Indonesia—a place where one could plant cassava and yet harvest corn, a different species altogether. It was the kind...

...Tyrell Haberkorn A decade on from the country’s last coup, aggressive use of a law shielding the monarchy from criticism has blocked a real return to democracy. © 2024 by The Regents of the University of California 2024 Thailand monarchy lèse-majesté democracy protests rule of law...

... democracy citizenship colonialism Australia and New Zealand share similar colonial histories. Britain made its first claim to Australia, by right of discovery, in 1788. There were occasional attempts to foster good relations with the Indigenous inhabitants who had been present for at least 50,000...

... Central Europe nationalism postcommunism democracy small countries From an outsider’s point of view, the European Union may look like a club of relatively rich, developed, and democratic countries. A closer look, however, reveals important divisions. To put it schematically, in the language...

...Matthew M. Taylor The rule of law in Brazil suffered mightily during the presidency of Jair Bolsonaro. His pugnacious public-security rhetoric, antagonism to environmental and indigenous issues, and connivance with corruption contributed to deepening long-standing problems of Brazilian democracy...

...John Dewey Excerpts from a Current History essay published in 1933. © 2024 by The Regents of the University of California 2024 education progressivism psychology democracy The progressive education movement is the outgrowth of the realization by educators of the fact that our highly...

..., and discontent with a ruling party in power for more than two decades seemed to fuel the rise of a united opposition. But the return to democracy did not happen, and this cannot be credited solely to an unlevel electoral playing field. Turkey offers a case study in electoral autocracy, with incumbent tactics...

..., and restoring a sense of bureaucratic stability and normalcy. Philippines Marcos Duterte illiberalism democracy dictatorship [email protected] © 2023 by The Regents of the University of California 2023 The reputation of the Philippines has not been enhanced by its two most recent...

..., and LGBTQIA+ people had won under the previous administrations. Lula centered his campaign around a promise to unify the country and rebuild democracy. He ran on the legacy of economic and social inclusion policies enacted during his first two terms (2003–2010), which had lifted millions out of poverty...

..., confronting irredentist threats from the People’s Republic of China to take back the self-governing island by force. © 2022 by The Regents of the University of California 2022 Taiwan China identity democracy colonialism Since late February 2022, as the world’s eyes have been riveted...

... it. With spaces for peaceful civic participation and action shrinking, the glimmer of hope for democracy, security, and well-being in Mozambique is fading. Having sidelined his rivals, Guebuza proceeded to reinvigorate party cells within state institutions by requiring membership in Frelimo as a condition...

... of California 2021 Tanzania John Magufuli authoritarianism democracy Julius Nyerere Tanzania’s reputation as a partly democratic country with peaceful and mostly free elections, a lively public sphere despite the electoral and institutional dominance of the ruling party, and a relatively good...

... about the culture of social media, the weakening of old forms of solidarity, and the rise of a new generation of activists steeped in new rules and technologies of civic engagement. #EndSARS marks the possible ascent of an inorganic civil society with profound implications for Nigerian democracy...