...Benedicte Bull; Antulio Rosales After a deterioration of democratic conditions in Venezuela, in 2017 the United States intensified its sanctions imposed on the regime of Nicolás Maduro. The sanctions failed to topple the regime, but they accelerated the transformation of the Venezuelan economy...

... Ortega Rosario Murillo Sandinistas canal opposition protests Catholic church women's indigenous rights democracy Venezuela 62 The heterogeneity and decentralized character of the protest movement is prov- ing to be its greatest strength and weakness. Ortega Faces a New Nicaraguan...

... that she would probably never work as a doctor again. She told the journalist Stephania Corpi that this was the day she decided to leave Venezuela after treat- ing an eight-year-old child who weighed four kilo- grams (less than nine pounds). She would not let that happen to her daughter. Thousands...

... of California Alejandro Velasco Venezuela Nicolás Maduro Hugo Chávez Constituent Assembly National elections democracy riots food shortages authoritarianism populism working class PERSPECTIVE The Pyrrhic Victories of Venezuela s President ALEJANDRO VELASCO 73 Christmas Eve should have...

... Ukraine Puerto Rico Greece Venezuela International Monetary Fund Argentina bonds hedge funds bankruptcy 22 [S]overeign debt is a complex political institution, which cannot be reduced to creditor coordination or any other contract problem. The Strained Marriage of Public Debts and Private...

... Michael McCarthy Venezuela Hugo Chávez Nicolás Maduro Leopoldo López food shortages crime protests authoritarianism Vatican Pope Francis 61 The deterioration of Venezuelan democracy that precipitated Chávez s rise and then worsened under his rule has devolved into a turn toward...

... Mexico Institutional Revolutionary Party PRI Dilma Rousseff Brazil Michelle Bachelet Chile Hugo Chávez Venezuela Evo Morales Bolivia Néstor Cristina Fernández de Kirchner Argentina Rafael Correa Ecuador Fidel Castro Cuba Committees Defense Revolution Colombia A dynamic...

... Maduro government Venezuela United Socialist Party (PSUV) Chavez Chávez petrostate oil charisma economic failure reform Dutch disease Caracazo ideology Perez Pérez Ramirez Merentes pacted democracy opposition Aveledo Democratic Unity Roundtable coalition inter-American...

...” Bolivarian revolution economic crisis crises depression class war independence indian mestizo Díaz mexico Venezuela neoliberalism socialism neoliberal Third World Ecuador Chávez Maduro oil gas morales 68 Latin American nationalism is unique in comparison with the nationalisms...

...Javier Corrales For the opposition to win, the regime must become fairer and more democratic, the ruling party must split, and the opposition must remain united. Javier Corrales Venezuela Hugo Chávez succession Nicolás Maduro elections petro-state authoritarian governance © 2013...

... Brazil Venezuela regionalism Luis Inácio Lula da Silva Organization American States Union South American Nations Community Latin American Caribbean Nations Mercosur Hugo Chávez United States 56 Brazil s rise, coupled with the diminished influence of the United States...

..., for the first time in memory, the top two arms purchasers beyond the G-8 countries and China displacing Saudi Arabia and Taiwan were South American: Brazil and Venezuela. Brazil is buying nuclear-powered submarines and other naval vessels from France, and is about to purchase a fleet of fighter aircraft...

...William W. Finan, Jr. A new book argues that Latin American countries, having left behind their banana-republic past, will serve as exemplars for developed nations to follow. Latin America Oscar Guardiola-Rivera Community Latin American Caribbean States Brazil Venezuela 83 In his...

... Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Venezuela Hugo Chávez Rio Branco Celso Amorim Itamar Franco Fernando Henrique Cardoso Brazilian foreign policy Mercosul 53 Lula has regarded regional involvement as a means to strengthen Brazilian industry for global competition and to establish his...

... America Hugo Chávez Venezuela Daniel Ortega Nicaragua Álvaro Uribe Colombia Leonel Fernández Dominican Republic 74 Latin America is witnessing an all-too-familiar pattern of presidents manipulat- ing the constitutional framework to seek additional terms in office. The Return...

...William W. Finan, Jr. A new book revisits Venezuela's political crisis of April 2002, when President Hugo Chávez was forced out of office and then quickly reinstated. The Silence and the Scorpion: The Coup Against Chávez and the Making of Modern Venezuela , by Brian A. Nelson . Nation...

...Javier Corrales ‘Socialism for the twenty-first century’ is looking more and more like political suicide in the making. © 2009 Current History. All rights reserved. 2009 The Regents of the University of California Venezuela Hugo Chavez power asymmetry constitutional referendum Radio...

... political outcomes. © 2001 Current History. All rights reserved. 2001 The Regents of the University of California Bolivia Ecuador Chile Guatemala Colombia Venezuela Pachakutik Evo Morales Mexico Brazil Broadening Democracy: Latin America s Indigenous Peoples Movements DONNA LEE VAN...

...—the fruit has turned out to be bitter, as economic openness appears to have accelerated social disintegration. © 2003 Current History. All rights reserved. 2003 The Regents of the University of California Argentina Brazil Chile Costa Rica free market IMF Latin America Mexico Venezuela...

... Chile Ecuador Latin America Lula Mexico Peru Venezuela In 1970, Salvador Allende finally ascended tothe Chilean presidency on his fourth attempt.The Socialist candidate with a radical agenda won the prize that had long eluded him only to be overthrown in a generation-defining military coup led...