...Uğur Ümit Üngör After more than a decade of armed conflict in Syria, few perpetrators of mass violence have been held accountable for their actions. The Assad regime is the prime sponsor of impunity for these human rights abuses, but global and regional powers also bear responsibility for allowing...

... these entanglements unfold in the country’s southernmost border province, Hatay, which was controversially annexed from French Mandate Syria in 1939. © 2022 by The Regents of the University of California 2022 Syria Turkey refugees migration borders citizenship More than a decade after the outbreak...

...William F. S. Miles The Druze, despite being a small minority faith group, have long survived in a challenging region, thanks in part to a doctrine of deference to whatever state they live in. In the past few years, however, the three largest Druze populations—in Israel, Lebanon, and Syria—have...

... Lebanese people displaced during the 1975–90 Lebanese Civil War. One-third of our Lebanese interviewees in Hamra had hosted Lebanese citizens who had been internally displaced in 2006 during the Israeli war on Lebanon. And half of our Syrian interlocutors had hosted internally displaced people in Syria...

...Omar Al-Ghazzi Two authors explore the mixture of violence, ideology, fear, and aspiration that the authoritarian regime has relied on to stay in power for several turbulent decades. The Rule of Violence: Subjectivity, Memory, and Government in Syria , by Salwa Ismail Cambridge University...

... Ghosn Syria civil war refugees sanctions drought Bashar al-Assad reconstruction reconciliation Turkey Lebanon Russia Iran Arab Spring 331 When the guns finally fall silent, the road to recovery in Syria will be long, bumpy, and treacherous. Post-conflict reconstruction, reparations...

... Syria Iraq Palmyra Mosul Islamic State ISIS UNESCO iconoclasm archaeology looting world heritage sites terrorism 344 Far from being senseless acts perpetrated by barbarous savages, ISIS s heritage destruction has been carefully staged and sends clear and deliberate messages. Following...

... Chatty Syria Jordan Lebanon Turkey camps war civilians resettlement Europe United Nations High Commissioner Refugees UNHCR 337 The memory of the ties among the region s peoples under the Ottoman Empire has played a part in the kind of reception Syrians have received in their neighbor...

... of the University of California Joyce Marie Mushaben Germany chancellor Angela Merkel refugee crisis asylum Muslims integration assimilation immigration Syria Turkey North Africa 95 What Merkel s critics underestimate is the extent to which her proactive poli- cies of the past decade...

... of California Michael Boyle Barack Obama United States foreign policy Syria Russia NATO China South China Sea Libya Islamic State al-Qaeda Middle East Iraq drones 10 Historians may well conclude that Obama glimpsed a different world for Ameri- can foreign policy but never exerted...

... Boyle Barack Obama United States foreign policy Syria Russia NATO China South China Sea Libya Islamic State al-Qaeda Middle East Iraq drones For most of the Petroleum Age, and even as recently as ten years ago, the politics of en-ergy were largely governed by the assump- tion...

... Menon genocide humanitarian intervention Universal Declaration Human Rights Syria Aleppo Rwanda Libya al-Qaddafi Barack Obama global norms PERSPECTIVE Does an international community exist? Up to a point. Certainly, world politics cannot be reduced to a ceaseless Hobbes- ian rivalry...

...Faysal Itani The single most important external factor in the Syrian war's trajectory was the set of foreign policy beliefs Obama held well before the first shot was fired. © 2016 Current History. All rights reserved. 2016 The Regents of the University of California Faysal Itani Syria...

...Sara Silvestri [T]he main religious traditions all share references to journeys and emigration experiences as metaphors for the human condition. © 2016 Current History. All rights reserved. 2016 The Regents of the University of California Sara Silvestri Islam Muslim Syria Iraq Middle...

... refugees trauma diaspora political mobilization Kosovo Albanians Palestinians Bosnia Serbia Syria PERSPECTIVE The global refugee crisis has raised pressing questions about how to manage hundreds of thousands of people on the move and alleviate their suffering. These problems are mag- nified...

... foreign relations Russia Syria European Union United States coup attempt Vladimir Putin Recep Tayyip Erdogan NATO Fethullah Gulen PERSPECTIVE Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdog an s visit to St. Petersburg on August 9 was expected to create headlines around the globe, and it certainly...

... The Regents of the University of California Pavel Baev Russia Vladimir Putin military Air Force navy nuclear arsenal foreign policy Ukraine Donbas Crimea Baltic Sea Syria Islamic State NATO Cold War Chechen War Russia s propensity to use military force as an instrument...

... Lahav asylum migration Syria Libya Muslims United Nations High Commissioner Refugees European Union Germany Schengen Agreements Dublin Geneva Conventions open borders 10 The refugee crises . . . amount to an emerging global challenge facing almost all industrialized liberal...

... consequences. © 2015 Current History. All rights reserved. 2015 The Regents of the University of California Samer Abboud Syria Free Syrian Army Local Coordination Committees Bashar al-Assad Turkey Islamic State ISIS Lebanon civil war 337 With major regional powers in disagreement...

...Tamirace Fakhoury Although its dysfunctional governance patterns predate the recent wave of turmoil in the region, the war in Syria has unsettled Lebanon's precarious equilibrium. © 2015 Current History. All rights reserved. 2015 The Regents of the University of California Tamirace...