... of California Zahra Ali Safaa Khalaf Iraq Iran Basra Sunni Shia Kurds Nuri al-Maliki Haider al-Abadi Moqtada al-Sadr corruption sectarianism occupation Islamists Islamic State ISIS oil protests unemployment youth 338 The security and military apparatus that was trained, armed...

... Sheila Carapico Yemen war Saudi Arabia Gulf Cooperation Council Sunni Shia Houthis al-Qaeda Zaydi Arab Spring King Salman Muhammad bin PERSPECTIVE Arabia Infelix: The War Devouring Yemen SHEILA CARAPICO SHEILA CARAPICO is a professor of political science and inter- national studies...

... Fanar Haddad Iraq borders colonialism sectarianism corruption Shia Sunni Kurds Middle East Sykes-Picot Ottoman Empire Baghdad nationalism 343 [F]ocusing on the supposed consequences of Iraq s artificial foundations diverts our attention from the real issues cumulative or immediate...

... Fakhoury Lebanon Beirut Syria Hezbollah Sunni Shia Maronite Christians Rafik Hariri #YouStink movement sectarianism power sharing 349 Although its dysfunctional governance patterns predate the recent wave of turmoil in the region, the war in Syria has unsettled Lebanon s precarious equi...

... Saudi Arabian kingdom sharia counterrevolution thermidorian thermidor shia sunni Islamism islamist salafi eastern province military gulf cooperation leadership regional 344 Saudi Arabia has emerged as the most vigorous stalwart of what can best be described as the reactionary...

... of the University of California Kenneth Pollack Iraq civil war democracy elections Nuri Kamal al-Maliki Sunni Shiite Kurds Iran Turkey 349 Iraq s indigenous forces for stability seem unlikely to be able to hold the levee themselves, but among the external players only Iran, ironically, seems...

...Shamila N. Chaudhary A spike in Sunni-Shiite violence, increasing collaboration between sectarian and insurgent groups, and US forces' drawdown in neighboring Afghanistan warrant a fresh review of counterterrorism strategy in Pakistan. © 2013 Current History. All rights reserved. 2013...

... Alawite Sunni Bashar al-Assad Russia Iran Kurds Lebanon Turkey 331 The first year and a half in the current round of Syria s long civil war took as many lives as the three-week orgy of violence in the city of Hama that ended the last round in 1982. In both cases, some 25,000 to 30,000 people...

... of the University of California Daniel Serwer Iraq Nuri Kamal al-Maliki Shiite Sunni Kurds oil Syria Turkey Iran 344 Iraq is still in search of internal equilibrium and its proper international role after the trauma of more than thirty years of Saddam Hussein s dictatorship and eight years...

...Frederic Wehrey Saudi and Iranian meddling aggravates a divisive, dangerous form of identity politics in fragile, vulnerable states. Frederic Wehrey Arab Spring Iran Saudi Arabia Bahrain Sunni Shiite OPEC Gulf Cooperation Council Levant 352 Saudi and Iranian meddling aggravates...

... the elections will be for Iraqi leaders to form a govern- ment quickly and peaceably and for the Americans and Iraqis to manage the troop drawdown in a way that does not trigger instability. Enabling these significant milestones is a broader Iraqi transition, one in the making since the Sunni Awakening of 2006...

... version of Iraqi nationalism and the concept of the new Iraqi man (and woman). Arab or Kurd, Sunni or Shia, communist or monarchist, Saddam aimed to fashion a supernationalism tailored to fit his aspiration to unite all in what was essentially a pan-Sunni Arabism. . . . AND REINVENTING IRAQ...

... was the messenger of God, there are many ‘Islams,’ depending on locale, education, custom, politics, and personal attitudes. © 2002 Current History. All rights reserved. 2002 The Regents of the University of California activism Islam Mawdudi Middle East Muslim Qutb September Shiite Sunni United...