... of California Zahra Ali Safaa Khalaf Iraq Iran Basra Sunni Shia Kurds Nuri al-Maliki Haider al-Abadi Moqtada al-Sadr corruption sectarianism occupation Islamists Islamic State ISIS oil protests unemployment youth 338 The security and military apparatus that was trained, armed...

... Sheila Carapico Yemen war Saudi Arabia Gulf Cooperation Council Sunni Shia Houthis al-Qaeda Zaydi Arab Spring King Salman Muhammad bin PERSPECTIVE Arabia Infelix: The War Devouring Yemen SHEILA CARAPICO SHEILA CARAPICO is a professor of political science and inter- national studies...

... Fanar Haddad Iraq borders colonialism sectarianism corruption Shia Sunni Kurds Middle East Sykes-Picot Ottoman Empire Baghdad nationalism 343 [F]ocusing on the supposed consequences of Iraq s artificial foundations diverts our attention from the real issues cumulative or immediate...

... Fakhoury Lebanon Beirut Syria Hezbollah Sunni Shia Maronite Christians Rafik Hariri #YouStink movement sectarianism power sharing 349 Although its dysfunctional governance patterns predate the recent wave of turmoil in the region, the war in Syria has unsettled Lebanon s precarious equi...

... Saudi Arabian kingdom sharia counterrevolution thermidorian thermidor shia sunni Islamism islamist salafi eastern province military gulf cooperation leadership regional 344 Saudi Arabia has emerged as the most vigorous stalwart of what can best be described as the reactionary...

... version of Iraqi nationalism and the concept of the new Iraqi man (and woman). Arab or Kurd, Sunni or Shia, communist or monarchist, Saddam aimed to fashion a supernationalism tailored to fit his aspiration to unite all in what was essentially a pan-Sunni Arabism. . . . AND REINVENTING IRAQ...

... Current History. All rights reserved. 2001 The Regents of the University of California clerics Iran Islamic Khamenei Khatami Khomeini Muslims reformist Shia Supreme Council 17 Iran s Liberal Revolution? BAHMAN BAKTIARI AND HALEH VAZIRI In May 1997, Mohammad Khatami surprised...