... Fawaz Gerges jihadism middle east ISIS ISIL IS Islamic State caliph caliphate Islamism islamist fundamentalism fundamentalist terrorist root orgin sectarian co-opt sharia execution al-Baghdadi near east Al Qaeda AQI Qutb jihad jihadist Syria Iraq Kurds Kurd Kurdish...

... palace grassroots PJD Al qaeda Bouteflika Libya Salafi salafist enlightened despot 185 Beyond idealistic notions of an Arab Spring that would bring forth liberal democracies throughout the region, today there is a realization that many shades of gray remain in the (formal and informal...

... Current History. All rights reserved. 2014 The Regents of the University of California Michael Boyle drone UAV unmanned aerial vehicle effectiveness civilian casualty casualties Afghanistan Pakistan Al Qaeda tactic strategy tactical strategic Obama administration policy strike...

... Washington self-delusion hamid gul DIA Al Qaeda Taliban counterparts Zulfikar Ali Bhutto B ooks The Pathological Alliance Sumit Ganguly Few of America s bilateral ties have been as Haqqani s book Magnificent Delusions represents fraught as those with Pakistan. Since 1958, a milestone. Haqqani...

... destruction Al Qaeda 40 [T]errorism seems to grow when states are strong enough to exert repression that creates grievances, but not strong enough to eradicate opposition. The Long View of Terrorism MArthA crenShAw Terrorism, a form of violence that deliber-ately rather than inadvertently targets civil...

... The Regents of the University of California 152 PERSPECTIVE When the United States and its allies invaded Afghanistan in 2001 to oust the Islamic fundamentalist Taliban regime that had offered haven to Al Qaeda, the war began with a strong mantra, expressed by then Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage...

... War , Edited by Hy Rothstein and John Arquilla . Georgetown University Press , 2012 . © 2013 Current History. All rights reserved. 2013 The Regents of the University of California William Finan Afghanistan Al Qaeda Taliban Barack Obama book review Barnett Rubin Fred...

...Stephen Kinzer A dose of humility might lead Americans to realize that military intervention always produces unforeseen consequences. © 2012 Current History. All rights reserved. 2012 The Regents of the University of California Stephen Kinzer Libya Mali intervention Al Qaeda Muammar...

...- whelming focus on counterterrorism. In the years after the attacks on the United States in 2001, co- operation against Al Qaeda was regarded as too important to jeopardize by confronting Pakistan s military-intelligence establishment over lesser evils like the Taliban. With the death last year of Osama bin...

... Middle East United States Britain development Muslim Brotherhood social media Iran Saudi Arabia Al Qaeda 364 The contagion effect created by the regime changes in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya suggests a significant degree of imagined community among Arabs everywhere. The Middle East in Flux...

... , 2011 . © 2011 Current History. All rights reserved. 2011 The Regents of the University of California Robin Wright Rock the Casbah jihad Al Qaeda Arab Spring 372 BOOKS As the Arab Spring drifts toward winter, a small number of books has appeared that attempt to explain...

... Barack Obama George Bush US Central Command Al Qaeda Victor Renuart Tommy Franks Hamid Karzai 150 In an apparent effort to box President Obama into a long-term commitment to the war, the generals oversold the troop surge s potential. . . . Will America Lose Afghanistan Again? gary m...

... war China Central Treaty Organization Southeast Asia Treaty Organization Al Qaeda 138 The sense of being used, abused, and discarded now constitutes a central theme in Pakistan s ties to America. . . . How a Botched US Alliance Fed Pakistan s Crisis STephen p. Cohen Pakistan...

... Qaeda Saudi Arabia United States Russia China Lebanon Syria 395 Relations among the regional powers in the Middle East continue to dominate global concerns about security. As we watch the era of George W. Bush fade into his- tory, we are still saddled with the consequences of policies...

...Emile Nakhleh It is imperative for the United States to engage mainstream Islamic political parties that are committed to gradual change through the ballot box. political Islam Middle East United States Hamas Hezbollah Muslims Al Qaeda sharia Barack Obama engagement 402...

...Bruce Hoffman Not only is Al Qaeda alive and kicking, but it is still actively planning, supporting, and perhaps even directing terrorist attacks on a global canvas. © 2006 Current History. All rights reserved. 2006 The Regents of the University of California War on Terror Al Qaeda...

... rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Reprints and Permissions web page, https://www.ucpress.edu/journals/reprints-permissions . 2004 Current History United States Al Qaeda European...

... of California. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Reprints and Permissions web page, https://www.ucpress.edu/journals/reprints-permissions . 2004 Current History Al Qaeda terrorism...

... reserved. 2004 The Regents of the University of California Spain Al Qaeda ETA United States Jose Marìa Aznar Iraq Jose Luis Rodrìguez Zapatero Madrid Tony Blair Osama bin Laden Did Terrorism Sway Spain s Election? CHARLES POWELL On March 14, 2004, three days after trainbombings...

... Maskhadov Shamil Basayev Kattab Islamist Al Qaeda shariah Chechnya Ten Years Later NABI ABDULLAEV Ten years ago in late December, the Russianair force struck targets on the territory ofwhat was then a de facto independent Chechnya. Several days later, troops in armored vehicles rolled...