...Sofia A. Perez Greece, Italy, Spain, and Portugal have suffered some of Europe’s worst health outcomes in the COVID-19 pandemic. The same countries also bore the brunt of the European sovereign debt crisis a decade earlier, when they were forced to undertake severe budget austerity measures...

... of an aging cohort of former anticolonial fighters. Rich oil and gas deposits have funded a growing state budget, but there are not enough jobs for the youthful population. © 2022 by The Regents of the University of California 2022 Timor-Leste Indonesia Portugal oil colonialism On May 20...

... guard Paisios Athos Dublin II Varvitsiotis Christodoulos Portugal sovereignty backlash recession fallout austerity unemployment bailout devaluation fiscal OECD economic cooperation SYRIZA 110 The failure of public institutions to rise to the occasion by preventing the eco- nomic...

... of the University of California euro Barry Eichengreen euro crisis European Union Greece Portugal Ireland Germany productivity International Monetary Fund 91 The 2010 11 euro crisis has been far and away the gravest challenge that the single currency has faced since it was created in 1999...