... effectively marshals evidence that during the traumatic decade of the 1910s, Muslims were subject to massacres and expelled from Eastern Europe during the 1912–13 Balkan Wars, and then again during the First World War. Hundreds of thousands of Muslims fled to the remaining territory of the Ottoman Empire...

... by The Regents of the University of California 2020 Tunisia Ottoman Empire colonialism historical legacies books A Slave Between Empires: A Transimperial History of North Africa M’hamed Oualdi Columbia University Press, 2020 An exiled North African statesman spends his final years...