... of an aging cohort of former anticolonial fighters. Rich oil and gas deposits have funded a growing state budget, but there are not enough jobs for the youthful population. © 2022 by The Regents of the University of California 2022 Timor-Leste Indonesia Portugal oil colonialism On May 20...

...Farah Al-Nakib This essay analyzes the ways in which official memory discourses in Kuwait promote willful forgetting of certain aspects of the country’s past through acts of repressive erasure. By looking at how it has shaped narratives about the pre-oil era, the post-1950 advent of oil-fueled...

... assets that are no longer worth the cost of extracting. These shifts may indicate that “peak oil demand” has arrived earlier than expected. While oil consumption has been especially depressed by the pandemic, it is hardly alone. Demand for almost every major source of energy—oil, coal, natural gas...

...Farid Guliyev The consequences of this missed opportunity are serious and will be felt in the not-so-distant future when the oil deposits have drained away. © 2019 Current History. All rights reserved. 2019 The Regents of the University of California Azerbaijan development oil...

...Alima Bissenova Despite all of its symbolic continuity, Kazakhstan is a society in transition. © 2019 Current History. All rights reserved. 2019 The Regents of the University of California Kazakhstan urbanization globalization migration oil Islam Nursultan Nazarbayev 271 Despite...

...Ulrich Oslender An idiosyncratic, literary-minded anthropologist returns to Colombia to observe the effects of the palm oil boom on a rural village under the shadow of paramilitary violence. Palma Africana , by Michael Taussig University of Chicago Press , 2018 © 2019 Current...

... of California Zahra Ali Safaa Khalaf Iraq Iran Basra Sunni Shia Kurds Nuri al-Maliki Haider al-Abadi Moqtada al-Sadr corruption sectarianism occupation Islamists Islamic State ISIS oil protests unemployment youth 338 The security and military apparatus that was trained, armed...

... attributable to the global downturn of oil, the undisputed lifeblood of the national economy. With oil prices near rock bottom, Buhari finds himself in a strange situation for a Nigerian leader: lacking the wherewithal to dispense handouts and favors to states and politi- cal patrons. This has created...

... Young Saudi Arabia Vision 2030 economic reform privatization Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman United Arab Emirates Gulf States Gulf Cooperation Council development oil 355 Saudi Arabia must place its citizens firmly in the center of its transformation, so...

... war Jose Eduardo dos Santos People's Movement Liberation Angola UNITA oil wealth human rights Rafael Marques Luaty Beirão 175 Angola s rulers are faced with the rise of a generation that does not accept the political logic of the war, whereby dissent equaled treason. Youthful...

... Belt oil gas pipelines Xi Jinping Vladimir Putin © 2015 Current History. All rights reserved. 2015 The Regents of the University of California 272 China is the increasingly dominant power in the region, but it is acting in full concordance with Russia. China and Russia s Soft...

...Alex de Waal Just a few years after becoming Africa's newest nation, South Sudan is embroiled in civil war and faces bankruptcy despite its ample oil wealth, thanks to a cynical scramble for the spoils of power. © 2015 Current History. All rights reserved. 2015 The Regents of the University...

... of the University of California Siddharth Varadarajan modi goodwill economic economy fortune politics triumphs capacity deliver election narendra rajiv Gandhi bjp bharatiya Kashmir jammu crude oil exchange inflation goodwill contradiction sabka saath vikas development Vajpayee...

... Maduro government Venezuela United Socialist Party (PSUV) Chavez Chávez petrostate oil charisma economic failure reform Dutch disease Caracazo ideology Perez Pérez Ramirez Merentes pacted democracy opposition Aveledo Democratic Unity Roundtable coalition inter-American...

... in the early twentieth century, governments carried out a series of expropriations. A key early example was Mexico, which nationalized the subsoil with its revolutionary constitution of 1917. Since Mexico was one of the world s biggest producers of oil at the time (before Venezuela and Middle Eastern na- tions...

... Moscow Armenia ally Putin Vladimir West collapse communism Crimea Donbas Donbass invasion Russian cold war rebel Obama maidan USSR soviet protests orange Poroshenko Malaysian Kremlin Nato EU Brics revolution protest nationalism Caspian Azerbaijan oil Georgia conflict...

... Matthew Taylor street protesters Brazil Sao Paulo Brasilia corruption economics Dilma confederation cup world de Mello Rousseff worker PT protest bloc Reynaldo Ross mensalao justice Barbosa Dirceu Genoino Gerais PSDB PSD Kassab police violence Donadon Batista oil...

...Kate Meagher Celebration of Nigeria's economic recovery sits awkwardly with the realities of catastrophic poverty and unemployment in both the north and the south of the country. Kate Meagher Nigeria Africa Boko Haram unemployment poverty inequality economic growth oil population...

... of California Mickael Klare maritime conflict territorial claims China Japan Philippines Vietnam South China Sea East China Mediterranean energy resources oil gas 26 What makes these disputes so dangerous . . . is the apparent willingness of many claimants to employ military means...

... Mickael Klare maritime conflict territorial claims China Japan Philippines Vietnam South China Sea East China Mediterranean energy resources oil gas 33 The dual forces of population growth and climate change will exacerbate pres- sures on land use, water access, and food security...